Enhanced cellular uptake and intracellular drug controlled release of VESylated gemcitabine prodrug nanocapsules

Roles of cathepsins in pancreatic cancer

“…Cathepsin B has been useful for rapid drug release inside lysosomes. 71 With the aim of the targeted action of the drug, a prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was designed in such a way that its gets activated with the help of cathepsin E present in cancer cells of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma leading to targeted action of the drug. 72 Another example of the role of cathepsins in prodrug activation is of cathepsin D activating 5'-O-L-phenylalanyl-L-tyrosylfloxuridine in pancreatic cancer cell lines.…”

An in vitro and in vivo study of gemcitabine-loaded albumin nanoparticles in a pancreatic cancer cell line

“…Both our in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that Gem-C14 showed equal or even superior efficacy to Gem, and several other reports also support this conclusion. 2,40,41 This enhanced antitumor activity may be attributed to the fact that, on the one hand, Gem-C14 has the ability to cross epithelial cells and localize in tumors independent of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1, and on the other hand, the metabolic enzyme intercellular carboxylesterase 2 is key for transforming Gem-C14 into Gem, which hydrolyzes the prodrug and confers prodrug sensitivity to cancer cells. 42 Theoretically, the albumin nanoparticles have advantages over others in being nontoxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable.…”

Surface functionalization of microgrooved titanium with dual growth factor-releasing nanoparticles for synergistic osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells

“…To date, diverse nanoparticles that can release bioactive agents have been widely used in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields [11][12][13]. Of those systems, the nanoparticle immobilized on the medical devices have found many application fields [14][15][16].…”