The standard approach to image instance segmentation is to perform the object detection first, and then segment the object from the detection bounding-box. More recently, deep learning methods like Mask R-CNN [14] perform them jointly. However, little research takes into account the uniqueness of the "human" category, which can be well defined by the pose skeleton. Moreover, the human pose skeleton can be used to better distinguish instances with heavy occlusion than using bounding-boxes. In this paper, we present a brand new pose-based instance segmentation framework 1 for humans which separates instances based on human pose, rather than proposal region detection. We demonstrate that our pose-based framework can achieve better accuracy than the state-of-art detectionbased approach on the human instance segmentation problem, and can moreover better handle occlusion. Furthermore, there are few public datasets containing many heavily occluded humans along with comprehensive annotations, which makes this a challenging problem seldom noticed by researchers. Therefore, in this paper we introduce a new benchmark "Occluded Human (OCHuman)" 2 , which focuses on occluded humans with comprehensive annotations including bounding-box, human pose and instance masks. This dataset contains 8110 detailed annotated human instances within 4731 images. With an average 0.67 Max-IoU for each person, OCHuman is the most complex and challenging dataset related to human instance segmentation. Through this dataset, we want to emphasize occlusion as a challenging problem for researchers to study.

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Background:The roles of histone demethylase Jmjd3 in osteoblasts are not fully understood. Results: Jmjd3 expression increased during osteoblast differentiation. Silencing of Jmjd3 impaired osteoblast differentiation. Introduction of the exogenous Runx2 and osterix partly rescued osteoblast differentiation in shJmjd3 cells. Conclusion: Jmjd3 regulates osteoblast differentiation via transcription factors Runx2 and osterix. Significance: This study provides new insights about the roles of Jmjd3 in osteoblast differentiation.