“…Other than using the available tools, some studies attempted to create new programming-based teaching tools [25]- [30], and game-based tools [31]- [33]. [22], [14], [17], [15], [16], [34], [18], [19], [20], [35], [36], [23], [37], [21], [24] 15 Module [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], In addition to teaching CT in regular classrooms, researchers have introduced afterschool activities, which called 'informal program' in this study, as an alternative to disseminate CT skills. Recently, the publication trend of studies related to infusing CT through the informal program has increased.…”