Energy usage in British agriculture—A review of future prospects

Wilson, P. N.; Brigstocke, T. D. A.

doi:10.1016/0308-521x(80)90020-7

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Na região tropical, a obtenção desses mesmos produtos ocorre com menores dispêndios de energia, devido a condições de alta luminosidade e de baixo uso de insumos, o que os torna energeticamente mais favoráveis (WILSON & BRIGSTOCKE, 1980). Um sistema tecnologicamente adequado, que busca maior eficiência na utilização da energia não renovável e no lucro, somente poderá ser estabelecido mediante uma racionalização das atividades executadas na propriedade (IGUE, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Nesse sentido, têm sido desenvolvidos trabalhos, em vários países, para avaliar a eficiência da conversão energética em grãos entre espécies ou em produtos de origem animal (carne ou leite) (BERARDI, 1978;PIMENTEL, 1980;WILSON & BRIGSTOCKE, 1980;QUESADA et al, 1987;BOHRA et al, 1990). Através desses trabalhos, verifica-se que as fontes de energia utilizadas variam de um país para outro, segundo seus costumes, recursos disponíveis e grau de desenvolvimento.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Conversão e balanço energético de sistemas de rotação de culturas para triticale, sob plantio direto

et al. 2000

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RESUMO Na agricultura moderna, interessam sistemas de produção eficientes no uso da energia. Objetivou-se avaliar a conversão e o balanço energético de cinco sistemas de rotação de (I: 5,38, II: 5,02, IV: 8,12 e V: 7,37; I: 18.067 Mcal/ha, II: 13.790 Mcal/ha, IV: 19.875 Mcal/ha e V: 19.264 Mcal/ha, respectivamente (23.860 Mcal/ha), as compared to the othen studied systems (I: 5.38, II: 5.02, IV: 8.12 e V: 7.37; I: 18.067 Mcal/ha, II: 13.790 Mcal/ha, IV: 19.875 Mcal/ha e V: 19.264 Mcal/ha, respectivily). In this period, the climatic conditions were normal. On average, the period 1990 to 1991, there were no significant differences between energy conversion and balance means. In this period, climatic conditions were adverse.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Conversão e balanço energético de sistemas de rotação de culturas para triticale, sob plantio direto

et al. 2000

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“…Čislák (1983) too stated the energy effectiveness of primary arable crops, which are given for the primary or total product for winter wheat as 3.89 (7.00), for spring barley as 5.39 (9.16), for sugar beet as 4.69 (7.04) and for corn grain as 4.77 (7.78). For conditions in Great Britain, Wilson (1980) stated the energy coefficient for the primary product of wheat as 3.11, barley as 3.36 and potatoes as 1.33. Most of these crops are grown in CT. Koga (2008) stated energy coefficient 6.72 for winter wheat grown under CT system for conditions of Hokkaido island in Japan.…”

Section: T a B L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

The Energy Effectiveness Of Crops In Crop Rotation Under Different Soil Tillage Systems

Strašil¹,

Vach²,

Smutný³

2015

Agriculture (Polnohospodárstvo)

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The paper identifies and compares the energy balance of winter wheat, spring barley and white mustard – all grown in crop rotation under different tillage conditions. The field trial included the conventional tillage (CT) method, minimum tillage (MT) and a system with no tillage (NT). The energy inputs included both the direct and indirect energy component. Energy outputs are evaluated as gross calorific value (gross heating value of phytomass dry matter) of the primary product and the total harvested production. The energy effectiveness (energy output: energy input) was selected for evaluation. The greatest energy effectiveness for the primary product was established as 6.35 for barley, 6.04 for wheat and 3.68 for mustard; in the case of total production, it was 9.82 for barley, 10.08 for wheat and 9.72 for mustard. When comparing the different tillage conditions, the greatest energy effectiveness was calculated for the evaluated crops under the MT operation and represented the primary product of wheat at 6.49, barley at 6.69 and mustard at 3.92. The smallest energy effectiveness for the primary product was found in wheat 5.77 and barley 6.10 under the CT option; it was 3.55 for mustard under the option of NT. Throughout the entire cropping pattern, the greatest energy effectiveness was established under the minimum tillage option – 5.70 for the primary product and 10.47 for the total production. On the other hand, the smallest values were calculated under CT – 5.22 for the primary product and 9.71 for total production.

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“…The socio-economic factors mentioned above, further complicated by concern over the use of fossil fuels in agriculture (Wilson & Brigstocke 1980), have led to an increased interest in alternative systems of production, especially lower input: lower output systems. Possible future legislation limiting the size of intensive units may further encourage a growth of less intensive systems.…”

Section: Future Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal husbandry: the period 1973—1995

1985

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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In the last decade the intensification of the pig and poultry industries has continued with increases in production unit size and in efficiency. This has come about as a response to rising costs, competition and reasonable end-product prices. The dairy industry has also expanded output through increasing milk yield per cow, encouraged by favourable market support. However, efficiency of feed conversion to milk production is still not directly selected for in dairy cattle. Developments in beef cattle have been away from intensive systems of production in an effort to reduce capital expenditure and increases in sheep productivity have been largely through increased stocking rates, greater fertilizer use and better grazing systems. In the next decade there are many feasible technological advances awaiting application. The use of computer simulation is likely to assist in predicting quantitative and qualitative body compositional responses to nutrition and in increasing the efficiency of grass utilization, while microprocessor technology will be developed into artificial aids to the stockman. Studies of reproductive physiology will continue to help increase output, especially with pigs and sheep. The building of sophisticated housing is likely to be justified for pigs, poultry, dairy cattle and calves, but not for suckler beef and sheep. There is likely to be greater use of centralized breeding schemes for dairy cattle, beef cattle and sheep. The future application of technology will be limited by a number of socio-economic factors. For example, the use of milk quotas to control surplus production will act as a powerful economic constraint to increased milk production and the growing public concern over animal welfare, pollution and health aspects of animal produce will exert increasing pressure on certain systems of production.

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Energy usage in British agriculture—A review of future prospects

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Conversão e balanço energético de sistemas de rotação de culturas para triticale, sob plantio direto

Conversão e balanço energético de sistemas de rotação de culturas para triticale, sob plantio direto

The Energy Effectiveness Of Crops In Crop Rotation Under Different Soil Tillage Systems

Animal husbandry: the period 1973—1995

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