Energy Security in Danger? A Comparative Analysis of Oil and Copper Supply

Mróz, Maciej

doi:10.3390/en15020560

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The overall global mineral demand is anticipated to exceed 40% for copper and rare earth elements, 60-70% for nickel and cobalt, and over 90% for lithium within the context of the Paris Agreement in the next 20 years (Mróz 2022). Lithium is now the most widely used material in electric vehicles and battery storage (Diouf and Pode 2015).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do strategic mineral resources affect clean energy transition? Cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approach

2023

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In the transition to a low carbon economy, minerals are crucial. The demand for the minerals required to create and install green energy technology, such as solar panels, wind turbines, electric vehicles, and energy storage, is rising along with it. In particular, the countries that hold these mineral reserves should be thought of as thriving economically from the rising demand for essential mineral resources (such as cobalt, lithium, and others). This study uses import demand function analysis to look at how the major mineral importing countries' mineral import demand changed in response to the clean energy transitions between 2000 and 2021 for selected 14 countries. In the study, the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) method was used. Findings show that long-term renewable energy production has a largely favorable impact on mineral import demand. Additionally, CO 2 emissions have a long-term negative impact on mineral import demands, but energy intensity and exchange rate are favorable for mineral imports. The findings have significant ramifications for using the mineral trade to speed up the transition to sustainable energy around the world. Therefore, the study's key proposed policy is to emphasize the value of mineral resources in clean energy while maximizing their use in the transition to carbon-free energy.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do strategic mineral resources affect clean energy transition? Cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approach

2023

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“…Given Russia's war in Ukraine, it is possible to expect disruption of oil supply chains, general market volatility, and rising energy prices in Europe and the world (Government, 2022). Mróz (2022), comparing the security of supply of copper and oil, notes that oil has a much higher risk of intermittent supply than copper. Oil prices are also more volatile and regulated by market mechanisms.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factor Analysis Of Energy Security: Net Import Dependency

Kolosok

Kovalenko

2022

SEC

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This paper analyzes various aspects of energy dependency and identifies the hidden factors behind national energy security. Based on a review of the scientific literature, the factors that reduce energy security in the consumption of natural gas, oil, and nuclear energy generation were identified. One such factor is import dependency on energy resources. Import dependency on energy is a crucial characteristic of energy security and can exacerbate the effects of external aggression, non-competitive behavior, and pressure. Given the energy crisis of 2022, most countries around the world have revised their energy security policies to reduce import dependency by diversifying supplies and reducing dependence on Russian energy resources. The factor analysis of energy dependency ratios, 1990-2020, was used to study the energy security of the EU27 countries. The factor analysis was performed for annual indices calculated using the Eurostat database of “Simplified energy balances.” The paper hypothesized the existence of latent relationships between energy security variables for the twenty-seven EU countries. The hypothesis was verified using Bartlett’s sphericity test and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin criterion. The results of hypothesis testing showed its statistical significance (the p-value < 0.05) and the possibility of factor analysis. Correspondence indices also indicated the adequacy of possible prediction of a set of variables. The factor analysis was executed in Python using the FactorAnalyzer module (the release 0.4.0). The principal factor extraction and the varimax rotation model were used to obtain the initial solution, preserving the orthogonality of the loading matrix. The factor structure of the model was confirmed for four factors consisting of the twenty-eight elements. The received four factors model allowed us to describe around 80% of the cumulative variance. It was found that each factor separately explained 46.89%, 15.80%, 10.91%, and 6.39% of the variance, respectively.

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“…Сучасні наукові дослідження з питань енергетичної політики пропонують широкий спектр визначень енергетичної безпеки з позиції глобальних масштабів енергетичних систем, економічних умов і національних політик. Останні роботи аналізують вплив зовнішніх факторів на рівень енергетичної безпеки, таких як зміна клімату (Siksnelyte-Butkiene, 2023), перебої в постачанні ресурсів (Mróz, 2022), невідповідні політичні дії (Rodríguez-Fernandez at al., 2020), відсутність виваженої структури та низька гнучкість енергетичного ринку (Colgan, 2017).…”

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“…Деякі з цих досліджень зосередились виключно на ринках нафти та газу (Mróz, 2022), інші -на відновлюваних джерелах енергії та низьковуглецевих технологіях (Al-Saidi, 2023). Низка публікацій орієнтувались виключно на міжурядові організації і саміти як інструменти управління, тоді як інші охопили міжнародні неурядові інституції, багатосторонні фінансові установи та гібридні структури, від транснаціональних мереж адвокації до квазірегуляторних приватних органів, глобальних політичних мереж і державно-приватного партнерства.…”

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“…Суецький канал є другим за вагомістю маршрутом для поставок нафти та СПГ до Європи та Північної Америки. Хоча Суецький канал обслуговує 10% світової торгівлі, його блокування може суттєво вплинути на поставки, оскільки 30% щоденних світових контейнерних перевезень проходить через нього (Mróz, 2022). Баб-ель-Мандебська протока також створює життєво важливу стратегічну ланку на морському торговельному шляху між Середземним морем та Індійським океаном через Червоне море та Суецький канал.…”

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Geopolitics of Energy Resources: Reconsidering Security at the Global Level

Sychova

2024

ВІСНИК ПСЛ

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The article analyses the impact of the russian-Ukrainian war on global energy markets as a trigger for rethinking the general context of energy security. Based on the latest scientific research, the author considers energy security issues' shifting from isolated aspects such as supply chain stability to an integrated geoeconomic approach. The article presents the factors that caused the national subjects' volatility regarding energy security depending on the energy market structure, relations between consumers and producers, supply and demand trends, technological changes, and readiness for potential energy supply crises or price shocks. The author's special attention is focused on the ties between energy resources and the military dimension, namely: 1) energy militarization as a cause of military actions; 2) energy resources as a secondary element of war; 3) energy profits as a source of financing armed conflicts. Against the background of increased strategic competition, most countries are leaning towards alternative spaces for developing joint political decisions, such as the friend-shoring concept, which signals a new form of protectionism for geopolitical reasons and the formation of potential chokepoints in supply chains. However, a transnational energy platform can catalyse the synergistic potential of allies, reduce security risks, and minimize supply disruptions due to political and economic influences. The success of a full-fledged launch of a transnational platform on energy security will depend on attractiveness strategies for "resourceful" but politically neutral countries; unification of production standards between participants; and the degree of reducing supply chain vulnerability relative to the participation costs.

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Energy Security in Danger? A Comparative Analysis of Oil and Copper Supply

Cited by 11 publications

References 89 publications

How do strategic mineral resources affect clean energy transition? Cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approach

How do strategic mineral resources affect clean energy transition? Cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approach

Factor Analysis Of Energy Security: Net Import Dependency

Geopolitics of Energy Resources: Reconsidering Security at the Global Level

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