Energy saving obtainable by applying a commercially available M-cycle evaporative cooling system to the air conditioning of an office building in North Italy

Zanchini, Enzo; Naldi, Claudia

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.065

Cited by 52 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…An important feature of the created material is a very slow degradation of its wicking functionality with time. The long-lasting wicking functionality along with a wide operational temperature range make the created texture suitable for a variety of practical applications, where the choice of materials is currently very limited, such as cooling high-heat flux electronics, thermal and fluid management in aerospace systems [5][6][7], cooling data centers [1,2], heat dissipation in power batteries and electronics of hybrid vehicles [15,110,111], and M-cycle applications, including air-conditioning [21][22][23][24][25], waste heat recovery [10][11][12], water desalination/purification [8,9,[112][113][114], and cooling towers [115]. Potential significant energy savings in air-conditioning of buildings [59] and cooling data centers [60] due to application of the material created here can contribute to mitigation of global warming.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent trends in cooling data centers [1,2], heat dissipation in high-heat flux electronics [3], cooling supercomputers [4], spacecraft thermal management [5][6][7], water desalination [8][9][10], waste heat recovery [11][12][13][14], cooling batteries [15], energy-harvesting [16][17][18][19], aircraft anti-icing [20], and Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) technologies [21][22][23][24][25] necessitate the creation of advanced capillary materials with efficient wicking/super-hydrophilic functionality at elevated temperatures. In particular, there is a fast-growing demand for these materials in cooling high-heat flux 5G electronics and in creating the next generation of M-cycle air-conditioning systems that will consume less electric power than the traditional compressor coolers by a factor of 5-8 [21,[26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spreading and Drying Dynamics of Water Drop on Hot Surface of Superwicking Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Material Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser

Fang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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A superwicking Ti-6Al-4V alloy material with a hierarchical capillary surface structure was fabricated using femtosecond laser. The basic capillary surface structure is an array of micropillars/microholes. For enhancing its capillary action, the surface of the micropillars/microholes is additionally structured by regular fine microgrooves using a technique of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), providing an extremely strong capillary action in a temperature range between 23 °C and 80 °C. Due to strong capillary action, a water drop quickly spreads in the wicking surface structure and forms a thin film over a large surface area, resulting in fast evaporation. The maximum water flow velocity after the acceleration stage is found to be 225–250 mm/s. In contrast to other metallic materials with surface capillarity produced by laser processing, the wicking performance of which quickly degrades with time, the wicking functionality of the material created here is long-lasting. Strong and long-lasting wicking properties make the created material suitable for a large variety of practical applications based on liquid-vapor phase change. Potential significant energy savings in air-conditioning and cooling data centers due to application of the material created here can contribute to mitigation of global warming.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spreading and Drying Dynamics of Water Drop on Hot Surface of Superwicking Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Material Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser

Fang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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“…It allows the air to be cooled initially, hence the cooling capacity of the AHU may be limited. Zanchini and Naldi [44] proposed a conventional refrigeration system cooperating with an indirect M-Cycle evaporative cooling system in different arrangements for an office building located in North Italy. On the basis of the dynamic simulations, the energy savings were found for the summer season.…”

Section: System Applications 441 Hybrid Air Conditioning Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Dew Point Evaporative Cooling Technology for Air Conditioning Applications

Pacak

Worek

2021

Applied Sciences

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Indirect evaporative cooling has the potential to significantly improve the natural environment. It follows from a significant reduction in electricity consumption in the hot period, and hence lower operating costs for cooling systems. This paper presents the current state of knowledge and research directions on dew point indirect evaporative cooling. It was found that researchers focus on the development of dew point indirect evaporative coolers (DPIEC) by improving its design, geometry, water distribution, and new porous materials implementation. To evaluate the performance of new types of DPIEC, different methods are used by the scientists. Finally, optimized devices are studied in terms of their performance in different systems, like hybrid and desiccant systems, considering different climate conditions. Potential directions of development of evaporative technologies were indicated, such as increasing the coefficient of performance of solid desiccant evaporative cooling systems, developing novel geometry, and efficient water distribution, including development of porous materials.

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“…These fine microholes play the role of microreservoirs, supplying water to areas with intensive evaporation and preventing dry-out spot formation in cooling applications. Our research on efficient wicking materials is motivated by a large variety of their applications in such areas as the thermal management of high-heat flux semiconductor electronics [65], cooling data centers [66,67], energy-harvesting [68], thermal management of robots [69], water desalination [18,70], waste heat recovery [71][72][73], spacecraft thermal management [74,75], and Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) technologies [76][77][78][79]. Our choice of aluminum is stimulated by its longterm stable wicking properties due to the formation of a hydrophilic aluminum oxide hydroxide [γ-AlO(OH)] surface layer (referred to as the Boehmite layer) caused by the chemical interaction of aluminum with hot water that improves both the hydrophilic and corrosion-resistance properties of Al wicks [80][81][82][83].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superwicking Functionality of Femtosecond Laser Textured Aluminum at High Temperatures

et al. 2021

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An advanced superwicking aluminum material based on a microgroove surface structure textured with both laser-induced periodic surface structures and fine microholes was produced by direct femtosecond laser nano/microstructuring technology. The created material demonstrates excellent wicking performance in a temperature range of 23 to 120 °C. The experiments on wicking dynamics show a record-high velocity of water spreading that achieves about 450 mm/s at 23 °C and 320 mm/s at 120 °C when the spreading water undergoes intensive boiling. The lifetime of classic Washburn capillary flow dynamics shortens as the temperature increases up to 80 °C. The effects of evaporation and boiling on water spreading become significant above 80 °C, resulting in vanishing of Washburn’s dynamics. Both the inertial and visco-inertial flow regimes are insignificantly affected by evaporation at temperatures below the boiling point of water. The boiling effect on the inertial regime is small at 120 °C; however, its effect on the visco-inertial regime is essential. The created material with effective wicking performance under water boiling conditions can find applications in Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) high-temperature heat/mass exchangers for enhancing power generation efficiency that is an important factor in reducing CO2 emissions and mitigation of the global climate change.

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Energy saving obtainable by applying a commercially available M-cycle evaporative cooling system to the air conditioning of an office building in North Italy

Cited by 52 publications

References 42 publications

Spreading and Drying Dynamics of Water Drop on Hot Surface of Superwicking Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Material Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser

Spreading and Drying Dynamics of Water Drop on Hot Surface of Superwicking Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Material Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser

Review of Dew Point Evaporative Cooling Technology for Air Conditioning Applications

Superwicking Functionality of Femtosecond Laser Textured Aluminum at High Temperatures

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