Energy-rich phosphates and glucose metabolism in early endotoxin shock

Pappová, E; Urbaschek, B.; Heitmann, L.; Oroz, Maja; Streit, Enrico; Lemeunier, A; Lundsgaard-Hansen, P

doi:10.1016/0022-4804(71)90069-2

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Furthermore, the bacteria used in the model, E. coli and B.fragilis, are most essential and common in the pathogenesis of intraabdominal abscess formation as well as in the sepsis that follows. These bacteria act synergistically, E. coli be ing responsible for peritonitis and early le thality and B.fragilis important for the for mation of the abscess [2], Endotoxin models [7,9,13,20,21,24] have not been able to reproduce the clinical features of gram-negative sepsis in man and there has even been doubt that the (trace) amounts of endotoxin found in the blood of septic patients can explain the severe shock manifestations…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to increase the understanding of the pathophys iology of abdominal abscesses and to facili tate studies of various treatment modalities, there is a growing demand for a reproducible small-animal model. The methods used so far have included puncture and ligation of the cecum [4,18,23,25], isolation and devascu larization of an ileal segment [8,10] as well as injection of endotoxin [7,9,13,20,21.24] or intravenous [1,5,8,[15][16][17] or intraperito neal [3,6,14,19] challenge with living bacte ria. Most of these studies have a death rate of 80-100% within 48 h which make the meth ods less suitable for pathophysiological stud ies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standardized Intraabdominal Abscess Formation with Generalized Sepsis: Pathophysiology in the Rat

Hansson¹,

Alwmark²,

Christensen

et al. 1985

Eur Surg Res

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Gelatine capsules containing Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis in a standardized mixture with rat colonic content and barium sulfate were implanted intraabdominally into rats. Capsules of 0.75 g gave approximately 50% mortality whereas 0.35 and 1.10 g caused no or 100% mortality, respectively. In subsequent experiments, using the 0.75 g capsule, all animals became ill with signs of tachypnea, piloerection, low physical activity and hypersecretion of saliva 6–8 h after the implantation. The animals reduced their water and food intake substantially and the body weight decreased. A significant reduction in blood pressure, glucose and leukocyte and platelet counts was found 12 h after challenge. Blood cultures obtained at 12, 24, 48 and 60 h all grew E. coli but none B. fragilis. Succumbed animals revealed diffuse peritonitis with growth of E. coli and B. fragilis at autopsy, whereas surviving animals showed abscess formation at investigation on day 8 after challenge. It was concluded that the model closely resembled intraabdominal abscess formation with sepsis in man.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardized Intraabdominal Abscess Formation with Generalized Sepsis: Pathophysiology in the Rat

Hansson¹,

Alwmark²,

Christensen

et al. 1985

Eur Surg Res

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“…Again the data on the effect of sepsis on high energy phosphates are controversial. While some investigators have reported decreases in high energy phosphate concentrations in liver and muscle (10)(11)(12)(13), other investigators have not substantiated these findings (14)(15)(16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Concurrent quantification of tissue metabolism and blood flow via ²h/³¹P NMR in Viva iii. alterations of muscle blood flow and metabolism during sepsis

Song

Hotchkiss²,

Karl

et al. 1992

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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In the conclusion of this series of reports, the application of 31P/2H NMR to investigate the pathophysiology of sepsis in rat hindlimb muscle is demonstrated. Sepsis decreased muscle [PCr] by 18%, 18 +/- 4 SD vs 22 +/- 4 SD mmol/kg tissue wet wt (P = 0.01) in control rats but [ATP] was unchanged, 6 mmol/kg tissue wet wt (P = 0.2). The derived free cytosolic [ADP] in the two groups was similar, [ADP]septic = 0.023 +/- 0.004 SD and [ADP]control = 0.021 +/- 0.003 SD mmol/kg tissue wet wt, and not statistically different (P = 0.14). Likewise [Pi] in the septic and control groups was not statistically different, [Pi]septic = 1.1 +/- 0.5 SD and [Pi]control = 1.2 +/- 0.4 SD mmol/kg tissue wet wt (P = 0.2). Septic rats presented the symptom of respiratory alkalosis evidenced by elevated blood pH. Sepsis decreased muscle blood flow by 33%, P = 0.003, but examination of individual subjects did not demonstrate a correlation with the reduction in [PCr]. Thus, a metabolic energy deficit caused by cellular ischemia/hypoxia is not a likely cause of cellular abnormality in rat hindlimb muscle during sepsis.

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“…It may be questioned to what extent endotoxin is capable of inducing rapidly occurring direct cellular effects or if observed metabolic alterations in most of the tissues are mediated via an endotoxin-triggered release of biologically active substances such as histamine, serotonin, catecholamines etc. It has been claimed that the circulatory deterioration is the main determinant of ener gy metabolic interference in endotoxin shock and that alterations in ener gy-rich phosphates and glucose metabolites therefore appear late during the progressive shock [18,24], On the other hand several studies have in dicated more direct peripheral tissue effects of endotoxin [3,10,27]. Studies on isolated mitochondria also indicate endotoxin-induced interfer ence with energy-linked functions [20], although during the first hour of endotoxin exposure the mitochondria seem to be tightly coupled and the respiratory and phosphorylative activities are not inhibited but rather in creased [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Effects of Endotoxin on Tissue Phosphagen Levels in Skeletal Muscle and Liver of the Dog

Myrvold¹,

Enger²,

Haljamäe³

1975

Eur Surg Res

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The effects of a bolus injection of gram-negative endotoxin (Pseudoinonas aeruginosa) on the high energy phosphate and glycogenolytic metabolite levels of skeletal muscle and liver were studied in dogs. After endotoxin injection there was a sharp increase in the G-6-P and lactate levels within 5–15 min, especially in muscle, followed by an additional but much slower increase of these metabolites during the next 2 h. The CrP and ATP levels were also increased in skeletal muscle early after the endotoxin injection and the levels of these high energy phosphate compounds were still, 2 h after endotoxin, higher than those in control animals. In the liver an early gluconeogenetic response was observed. The results indicate that tissue hypoxia and a consequent exhaustion of tissue high energy phosphate compounds do not occur during the initial period of endotoxin shock. The increased high energy phosphate levels are probably partly caused by sympathicoadrenal stimulation but direct endotoxin effects at the cell membrane level may also play an important role.

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Energy-rich phosphates and glucose metabolism in early endotoxin shock

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Standardized Intraabdominal Abscess Formation with Generalized Sepsis: Pathophysiology in the Rat

Standardized Intraabdominal Abscess Formation with Generalized Sepsis: Pathophysiology in the Rat

Concurrent quantification of tissue metabolism and blood flow via ²h/³¹P NMR in Viva iii. alterations of muscle blood flow and metabolism during sepsis

Early Effects of Endotoxin on Tissue Phosphagen Levels in Skeletal Muscle and Liver of the Dog

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Energy-rich phosphates and glucose metabolism in early endotoxin shock

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Standardized Intraabdominal Abscess Formation with Generalized Sepsis: Pathophysiology in the Rat

Standardized Intraabdominal Abscess Formation with Generalized Sepsis: Pathophysiology in the Rat

Concurrent quantification of tissue metabolism and blood flow via 2h/31P NMR in Viva iii. alterations of muscle blood flow and metabolism during sepsis

Early Effects of Endotoxin on Tissue Phosphagen Levels in Skeletal Muscle and Liver of the Dog

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Concurrent quantification of tissue metabolism and blood flow via ²h/³¹P NMR in Viva iii. alterations of muscle blood flow and metabolism during sepsis