Energy Resource of Charcoals Derived from Some Tropical Fruits Nuts Shells

Kongnine, Damgou Mani; Kpelou, Pali; Attah, N’Gissa; Kombate, Saboillié; Mouzou, Essowè; Djétéli, Gnandé; Napo, Kossi

doi:10.14710/ijred.9.1.29-35

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In order to produce a charcoal with high calorific values, and easy-to-ignite, the moisture content should be low (Sari et al 2020). The calorific values of this study are higher than the calorific value of coal (16.16 MJ/kg) (Song et al 2016), coconut shell charcoal (34 MJ/kg) (Sari et al 2020), and charcoal from different biomass (coconut shell (17.5 MJ/ kg), palmyra shells (12.8 MJ/kg), and doum shells (11.1 MJ/kg) (Kongnine et al 2020). The results of this study were similar with those in the literature on coconut shell charcoal (Ahmad et al 2020b(Ahmad et al , 2020c.…”

Section: Energymentioning

confidence: 60%

Carbonization of Coconut Shell Biomass in a Downdraft Reactor: Effect of Temperature on the Charcoal Properties

Ahmad¹,

Sulaiman²

2021

JSM

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Considering the value of coconut shell biomass as renewable fuels in homes and commercial industries, its effectiveness as a biomass resource has been overlooked by our rural citizens and researchers. Carbonization experiments of coconut shell biomass were conducted in a downdraft carbonization reactor (750 mm height and 67 mm diameter) to determine the effect of temperature (250 to 600 °C, in 50 °C intervals) on the charcoal properties. This was to address the problems of traditional charcoal production methods that include; low yield, environmental pollution, unregulated temperature, and poor quality properties. Yet the scarcity of this information hampers efforts for efficient commercial production. The coconut shell biomass was obtained from a local shop in Malaysia. It was heated in the reactor at a fixed residence time of 60 min and a particle size of 5 mm with nitrogen as a carrier gas. The relationship between temperature and the properties of coconut shell charcoal has been ascertained by the findings of this analysis. The relatively high the temperature, the better the charcoal quality, but the lowest the charcoal yields, since the secondary pyrolysis reaction expends charcoal. It was noted that, up to a final temperature of 500 °C, the yield reduction was rapid; after that, it was slower at 550 °C and almost stable at 600 °C. According to the charcoal’s proximate analysis, the calorific value, fixed carbon content, carbon content and ash content increased with temperature. Whereas, the charcoal density, volatile matter, moisture content, and conversion efficiencies decrease with temperature. The presence of nitrogen gas appears to have reduced combustion reactions that promote the formation of carbon dioxide (CO2). The methods produce the least amount of air pollutants (96 g carbon monoxide (CO), 167 g CO2, and 64 g methane (CH4) per 1 kg of charcoal production). The type of biomass and carbonization kiln has an impact on the production of CO, CO2, and CH4. Thus, the carbonization reactor used in this study has the potentials to produce an eco-friendly charcoal with superior quality properties that can assist in reducing environmental pollution, by proper selections of carbonization temperature.

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Section: Energymentioning

confidence: 60%

Carbonization of Coconut Shell Biomass in a Downdraft Reactor: Effect of Temperature on the Charcoal Properties

Ahmad¹,

Sulaiman²

2021

JSM

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“…The carotenoid extractive substances in teak are beneficial for natural dyes for fabrics [87,88], hair dyes [89], dye-sensitized solar cells [90], and natural pigments for textiles, paints, plastics, foods, drugs, and cosmetics [91]. Villagers also exploited teak wood for energy resources like charcoal [92][93][94][95][96], firewood [97], bio-pellets [98], and bio-briquette [99,100]. Its versatile usage keeps the demand for teak high.…”

Section: Community's Teak Plantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Rotation Age of Community Teak (Tectona grandis) Plantation Based on the Volume, Biomass, and Price Growth Curve Determined through the Analysis of Its Tree Ring Digitization

Bahtiar,

Kim,

Iswanto

2023

Forests

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Teak (Tectona grandis) is a deciduous tree producing a popular, expensive, fancy timber with versatile utilization. The teak population and its habitats in the natural forest have been decreasing consistently; thus, the IUCN Red List classifies it as an endangered species. Teak tree logging from its native natural forest is banned, and commercial teak timber can only be harvested from the plantation. People plant teak on their private lands or in the community forest to meet the increasing demand. This study analyzed the annual tree rings of a teak disk taken from the community plantation and aimed to determine its biological rotation age. Tree ring interpretation provides the increment and growth that are mandatory fundamental components of knowledge in sustainable forest management. It may also decipher the tree’s biography, which contains information about past climate and future predictions responding to climate change. All of the disk’s annual tree rings were digitized, transformed, and then curve-fitted using an elliptical polar form of non-linear regression. The best-fitted curve estimation of every annual tree ring was employed to determine their age-related diameter and basal area, and then allometric equations estimated the above-ground biomass and clear-bole volume. The continuous and discrete formula fit the growth curve well, and this study determined that Chapman-Richards is the best fit among others. The growth curve, current annual increment (CAI), and mean annual increment (MAI) were graphed based on the clear-bole volume, above-ground biomass, and log timber price. The CAI and MAI intersections result in 28, 30, and 86 years of optimum harvesting periods when the growth calculation is based on volume, above-ground biomass, and log timber price, respectively. These results identified that the teak plantation is a sustainable and highly valuable asset to inherit with long-term positive benefits. The sociocultural provision of teak plants as an inheritance gift for the next generation has proven to be economically and ecologically beneficial.

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“…The %BC, WBC, WIB and WNC in Equation (1) are the percent yield of biochar, the weight of biochar, the weight of input biomass and the weight of non-carbonized biomass, respectively (Kongnine et al, 2020). The ideal charcoal yield during the pyrolysis process would be 35% of the weight of the original raw material (Meyer, 2009).…”

Section: %𝐵𝐶 = 𝑊mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the non-uniform combustion core shape on the biochar production characteristics of the household biomass gasifier stove

Chaiyalap,

Chai-ngam,

Saengprajak

et al. 2023

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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The global demand for biochar in agricultural and carbon sequestration applications is increasing; nevertheless, biochar production using the 50-liter household biomass gasifier stove (50L-HBGS) in Thailand found major issues that need to be improved. The objective of this study was to study the effects of the airflow in the non-uniform combustion core shape (NCCS) on the biochar production characteristic of the 50L-HBGS. The new design of the NCCS was constructed and studied to replace the existing combustion core shape (ECCS) at Mahasarakham University. The height, air inlet, and air outlet diameters of the NCCS were designed at 45, 24, and 11.4 cm, respectively. The NCCS with 21 holes of the pyrolysis gas outlet, a diameter of 4 mm for each, was integrated into the 50L-HBGS and performed comparative tests to the ECCS using 9 kg of bamboo wood chunks in three consecutive experiments. The airflow and the combustion behavior were studied through the stove temperature profiles, which were recorded every 5 minutes using a digital data logger. The biochar products were studied using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) with the energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the proximate analysis technique. The study indicated that the 50L-HBGS with the NCCS made significantly improved the airflow rates in the combustion core, resulting in better continuous burning during the ignition state than with the ECCS. Moreover, the pyrolysis temperatures were significantly improved, it was provided temperatures during the pyrolysis process reached higher than 500 oC, resulting in the liquid tar being removed and no unburned wood chunks remaining at the end. The characterization result demonstrated that the 50L-HBGS with the NCCS had created biochar within a range of micropore and macrospore sizes and high fixed carbon content, which could be advantageously used for different agricultural and carbon sequestration applications.

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Energy Resource of Charcoals Derived from Some Tropical Fruits Nuts Shells

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Carbonization of Coconut Shell Biomass in a Downdraft Reactor: Effect of Temperature on the Charcoal Properties

Carbonization of Coconut Shell Biomass in a Downdraft Reactor: Effect of Temperature on the Charcoal Properties

Biological Rotation Age of Community Teak (Tectona grandis) Plantation Based on the Volume, Biomass, and Price Growth Curve Determined through the Analysis of Its Tree Ring Digitization

Effect of the non-uniform combustion core shape on the biochar production characteristics of the household biomass gasifier stove

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