Energy pathway contributions during 60-second upper-body Wingate test in Greco-Roman wrestlers: intermittent versus single forms

Ulupınar, Süleyman; Özbay, Serhat

doi:10.1080/15438627.2021.1895784

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The mono-exponential function describing W TOT (t) exhibits a relatively rapid increase in energy supply during the first seconds of maximal exercise, with the half-maximal value of this parameter being attained after ~15 s. The values for metabolic work of ~175 kJ after 30 s and ~219 kJ after 60 s of maximal sprinting obtained here are in line with several earlier reports on energy supply during maximal 30- to 60-s sprints (Wingate Test) (e.g., [ 19 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]). Since the peak and mean power outputs observed here (approximately 1500 W and 700 W, respectively) exceed those reported in these earlier publications, our somewhat higher values for W TOT (t) were to be expected.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A Novel Approach to the Determination of Time- and Fatigue-Dependent Efficiency during Maximal Cycling Sprints

Dunst

Hesse²,

Ueberschär

et al. 2023

Sports

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Background: During maximal cycling sprints, efficiency (η) is determined by the fiber composition of the muscles activated and cadence-dependent power output. To date, due to methodological limitations, it has only been possible to calculate gross efficiency (i.e., the ratio of total mechanical to total metabolic work) in vivo without assessing the impact of cadence and changes during exercise. Eliminating the impact of cadence provides optimal efficiency (ηopt), which can be modeled as a function of time. Here, we explain this concept, demonstrate its calculation, and compare the values obtained to actual data. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the time course of maximal power output (Pmax) reflects time-dependent changes in ηopt. Methods: Twelve elite track cyclists performed four maximal sprints (3, 8, 12, 60 s) and a maximal-pedaling test on a cycle ergometer. Crank force and cadence were monitored continuously to determine fatigue-free force-velocity profiles (F/v) and fatigue-induced changes in Pmax. Respiratory gases were measured during and for 30 min post-exercise. Prior to and following each sprint, lactate in capillary blood was determined to calculate net blood lactate accumulation (ΔBLC). Lactic and alactic energy production were estimated from ΔBLC and the fast component of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. Aerobic energy production was determined from oxygen uptake during exercise. Metabolic power (MP) was derived from total metabolic energy (WTOT). ηopt was calculated as Pmax divided by MP. Temporal changes in Pmax, WTOT, and ηopt were analyzed by non-linear regression. Results: All models showed excellent quality (R2 > 0.982) and allowed accurate recalculation of time-specific power output and gross efficiency (R2 > 0.986). The time-constant for Pmax(t) (τP) was closely correlated with that of ηopt (τη; r = 0.998, p < 0.001). Estimating efficiency using τP for τη led to a 0.88 ± 0.35% error. Conclusions: Although efficiency depends on pedal force and cadence, the latter influence can be eliminated by ηopt(t) using a mono-exponential equation whose time constant can be estimated from Pmax(t).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A Novel Approach to the Determination of Time- and Fatigue-Dependent Efficiency during Maximal Cycling Sprints

Dunst

Hesse²,

Ueberschär

et al. 2023

Sports

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“…This movement of Poomsae is believed to be due to significant stress on the muscles and immediate and long-term appearance of symptoms related to motor-induced muscle damage during unfamiliar activities. Jung et al [ 15 ] reported that the average energy consumption of Taekwondo Poomsae was 3.1–6.4 kcal/min, which differed from other exercises, such as walking 5.4 ± 0.9 kcal/min [ 27 ], stair climbing 8.5 ± 0.1 kcal/min [ 28 ], fast walking 4.7–6.7 kcal/min [ 29 ], and golf 3.3–8.2 kcal/min [ 30 ]. Because most of the Taekwondo Poomsaes are completed within minutes, if calculated in minutes for one measurement, it appears at around 4 kcal/min, which can be seen as a similar number.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of energy consumption and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption according to Taekwondo Taegeuk Poomsae performance in Taekwondo players

Jung¹,

Sun²,

Park³

et al. 2023

Phys Act Nutr

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[Purpose] We compared and analyzed energy consumption and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) following Taekwondo Taegeuk Poomsae performances.[Methods] Forty-two healthy men who could perform Taegeuk Poomsae 1–8 Jangs were enrolled in this study. To reduce the impact of Poomsae, a random cross-design was used. The washout time was set to at least three days. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was monitored after performing each Poomsae until a reference line was resumed. Each Taegeuk Poomsae was performed at a speed of 60 bpm.[Results] There was no significant difference in VO2, carbon dioxide excretion, and heart rate after performing the Taegeuk Poomsae once; however, all variables increased significantly in combined results of EPOC metabolism (F<45.646, p<0.001, and ɳ2<0.527). Taegeuk 8 Jang had the highest levels of all the factors. There were noticeable variations in the oxidation of fat and carbohydrates throughout the Taegeuk Poomsae (F<9.250, p<0.001, ɳ2<0.184). Taegeuk 8 Jang demonstrated the greatest rate of carbohydrate oxidation, and 4–8 Jangs demonstrated much greater rates of fatty acid oxidation. Compared to 1 Jang, the energy consumption showed significant differences in all the variables and peaked in Taegeuk 8 Jang.[Conclusion] The energy consumption during the Poomsae performances was the same. When the EPOC metabolism was coupled, it was evident that more energy was substantially used in each chapter of Poomsae. Consequently, it was determined that when performing Poomsae, not only should energy metabolism during exercise be taken into account but also EPOC metabolism, which can increase by 10-fold.

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“…One of the challenges confronting both GR and Fr wrestlers is to maintain a high intensity of repeated actions for an extended period during a wrestling match. During quick and explosive exertions, the required energy is provided by the phosphagen (ATP-PC) and glycolytic energy pathways (31,37,38). As wrestling is not a fixed-paced sport, it is necessary to generate high power during all-out actions and replenish the highenergy phosphate stores during low-intensity actions (9,29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Differences Between Greco-Roman and Freestyle Wrestlers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ulupınar

Özbay

Gençoğlu

et al. 2021

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Ulupınar, S, Özbay, S, Genc ¸o glu, C, and İnce, İ. Performance differences between Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestlers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3270-3279, 2021-This systematic review and metaanalysis aims to summarize evidence on performance differences between Greco-Roman (GR) and freestyle (Fr) wrestlers. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria (91 individual data and a total of 752 wrestlers). The analysis of handgrip strength comprised 9 outcomes from 5 studies with no significant difference between GR and Fr wrestlers. The analysis of isometric (back or leg) strength comprised 15 outcomes from 6 studies with a significant effect favoring GR wrestlers. The analysis of muscle power comprised 15 outcomes from 5 studies with a significant effect favoring GR wrestlers. The analysis of strength endurance comprised 4 outcomes from 3 studies with no significant difference between GR and Fr wrestlers. The analysis of anaerobic capacity and power comprised 6 outcomes from 3 studies with no significant difference between GR and Fr wrestlers. The analysis of speed comprised 19 outcomes from 7 studies with a significant effect favoring GR wrestlers. The analysis of flexibility comprised 20 outcomes from 6 studies with a significant effect favoring Fr wrestlers. This study indicated that GR wrestlers had greater isometric strength, muscle power, and speed performance, but Fr wrestlers had greater flexibility. Given the significant effect sizes favoring GR wrestlers, it is possible that they focused on training strategies to improve physical strength-power performance. However, considering the significant effect size favoring Fr wrestlers, it is possible that they focused on training strategies to improve flexibility because Fr wrestling techniques require a larger range of motion during both attack and defense.

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Energy pathway contributions during 60-second upper-body Wingate test in Greco-Roman wrestlers: intermittent versus single forms

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

A Novel Approach to the Determination of Time- and Fatigue-Dependent Efficiency during Maximal Cycling Sprints

A Novel Approach to the Determination of Time- and Fatigue-Dependent Efficiency during Maximal Cycling Sprints

Comparison of energy consumption and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption according to Taekwondo Taegeuk Poomsae performance in Taekwondo players

Performance Differences Between Greco-Roman and Freestyle Wrestlers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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