Energy Harvesting for Autonomous Wireless Sensor Networks

Vullers, Ruud; Schaijk, R. van; Visser, Hubregt J.; Penders, Julien; Hoof, Chris Van

doi:10.1109/mssc.2010.936667

Cited by 548 publications

(262 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Operating at maximum frequency ( ) at a reduced supply voltage may still exceed a given power budget. For example, an ARM Cortex-M0 targeted at an energy harvesting application consumes 0.9mW with a supply voltage of 0.6V using a 90nm technology library, but a typical energy harvester power budget is between tens and hundreds of Ws [6]. Frequency scaling can provide further (linear) reduction in dynamic power to meet a given power budget.…”

Section: Proposed Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One target application envisaged for the proposed technique is designs with tight power budgets, e.g., a wireless sensor node powered by an energy harvester. Given a typical energy harvester power budget of 30 W [6], the multiplier with no SCPG would need to operate at 100kHz and would consume 294.4pJ/operation (Table I) the given power budget can be met at an operating frequency of approximately 2MHz consuming 13.33pJ/operation (Table I). Furthermore, if the clock duty cycle is increased, SCPG can achieve an operating frequency of approximately 5MHz consuming 6.56pJ/operation (Table I), implying a 50x increase in clock frequency with 45x improvement in energy efficiency within the same power budget.…”

Section: A Case Study 1: 16-bit Multipliermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8(b)), and this is demonstrated with another example. Given a typical energy harvester power budget of 250 W [6], a Cortex-M0 design without SCPG would need to operate at approximately 1MHz consuming 253pJ/operation (Table II). On the other hand, an SCPG design using 50% clock duty cycle operates at approximately 2MHz consuming 130.48pJ/operation, while operating at maximum duty cycle consumes < 105pJ/operation at an operating frequency between 2-5MHz (Table II).…”

Section: B Case Study 2: Arm Cortex M0mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parasitic leakage dissipation can be a significant problem for applications such as a wireless sensor node powered by an energy harvester. Such systems, often not performance critical, demand a strict power budget to meet harvester's output power and high energy efficiency to optimize use of harvested-energy [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Sub-clock power-gating technique for minimising leakage power during active mode

Mistry

Al-Hashimi

Flynn

et al. 2011

2011 Design, Automation &Amp; Test in Europe

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Abstract-This paper presents a new technique, called subclock power gating, for reducing leakage power in digital circuits. The proposed technique works concurrently with voltage and frequency scaling and power reduction is achieved by power gating within the clock cycle during active mode unlike traditional power gating which is applied during idle mode. The proposed technique can be implemented using standard EDA tools with simple modifications to the standard power gating design flow. Using a 90nm technology library, the technique is validated using two case studies: 16-bit parallel multiplier and ARM Cortex-M0 TM microprocessor, provided by our industrial project partner. Compared to designs without sub-clock power gating, in a given power budget, we show that leakage power saved allows 45x and 2.5x improvements in energy efficiency in the case of multiplier and microprocessor, respectively.

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Section: Proposed Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Case Study 1: 16-bit Multipliermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Case Study 2: Arm Cortex M0mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sub-clock power-gating technique for minimising leakage power during active mode

Mistry

Al-Hashimi

Flynn

et al. 2011

2011 Design, Automation &Amp; Test in Europe

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The use of devices capable of extracting small quantities of energy from non-conventional sources has become a reality especially in mobile and wireless electronics [1,2], in powering wireless sensor networks [3], wearables [4] and remote sensors [5]. One of the most reliable applications of these energy harvesters is the acquisition of data for the Smart Grids using distributed sensors [6,7] to read voltage, current, temperature or speed [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Frequency Inductive Energy Harvester for the Maintenance of Electrical Assets

Robles

Molina

2016

Proceedings of the 3rd International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications, 15–30 November 2016; Availabl

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Extracting tiny amounts of energy from non-conventional sources using Peltier cells, piezoelectrics, antennas or inductive probes has become very popular in recent years to power low-consuming sensors in IoT applications and smart grids. These energy harvesting methods rely on the continuous generation of small quantities of electrical energy scavenged from heat, vibration or electromagnetic emissions. This energy is stored in batteries or capacitors reaching low-voltage levels that cannot be used directly to power any device. In general, the voltage is boosted to more appropriate levels with a converter. Using inductive sensors to harvest energy from electrical power lines is common knowledge. Obtaining this energy from high-power low-frequency signals is currently possible and, in some cases, reliable and profitable. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the possibility of harvesting energy from extremely low-power and high-frequency events that occur in electrical assets when the insulation is damaged. These events, called partial discharges, are used in electrical maintenance to detect possible defects in the insulation. Evaluating partial discharge activity is a common protocol in all utilities that requires the use of expensive sensors and acquisition systems, and in most occasions, decommissioning the asset to connect the measuring system. The energy from these phenomena is stored in capacitors and the use of a high-frequency voltage multiplier allows to reach voltages close to 4 V. This voltage is proportional to the number of partial discharges in a certain time span. Therefore, if the number of partial discharges per time-unit has increased noticeably, the insulation has deteriorated and the asset should be decommissioned to evaluate the damages. The paper tests the possibility of using this method as an early-warning system in the maintenance of electrical assets.

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Far‐Field Radiative Wireless Power Transfer for Low‐Power Applications

Visser

2015

Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

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In this article the theory and practice of radiative wireless power transfer (RWPT) is discussed. The position of RWPT in the spectrum of power harvesting techniques is outlined and the history of RWPT, finding its origin in the electromagnetic radiation experiments of Heinrich Hertz, is briefly provided. Next, RWPT basics are explained, in particular antenna theory, the Friis transmission equation, and the impedance matching of an antenna to a rectifying circuit. The rectifying antenna (or rectenna) is discussed next and several prototypes are also presented in detail.

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Energy Harvesting for Autonomous Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 548 publications

References 24 publications

Sub-clock power-gating technique for minimising leakage power during active mode

Sub-clock power-gating technique for minimising leakage power during active mode

High Frequency Inductive Energy Harvester for the Maintenance of Electrical Assets

Far‐Field Radiative Wireless Power Transfer for Low‐Power Applications

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