Energy expenditure climbing Mt. Everest

Westerterp, K.R.; Kayser, Bengt; Brouns, Francis; Herry, J.-P.; Saris, W. H. M.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1992.73.5.1815

Cited by 102 publications

(111 citation statements)

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“…The Weir (1949) and Zuntz (1901) equations have been used previously in research in different fields, including Public Health (Doucet et al 2003;Lorello et al 2008;Shew et al 2000) and Sport Sciences (Brugniaux et al 2010;McDaniel et al 2002;Stewart and Stewart 2007;Westerterp et al 1992). Within the Sport Sciences, these EE equations have been used in the study of disciplines such as ultra-endurance running (Stewart and Stewart 2007), cycling (McDaniel et al 2002) and mountaineering (Westerterp et al 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological responses in rock climbing with repeated ascents over a 10-week period

et al. 2011

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The purpose was to analyze the physiological responses and energy expenditure during repeated ascents of the same climbing route over a 10-week period. Nine climbers completed nine ascents of a specific route spaced 1 week apart. Expired air was analyzed continuously during each ascent, and time of ascent was recorded to the nearest second. Energy expenditure during climbing (EE(CLM)), and during climbing +10 min recovery (EE(TOT)) was calculated by the Weir and Zuntz equations. Differences among ascents 1, 4, 6 and 9 were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. Climbing time was longer for ascent 1 compared with ascents 4, 6 and 9 (P < 0.001). Differences were found for EE(CLM) (kcal; P < 0.001), between ascent 1 versus 6 and 9 and ascent 4 versus 9, using both Zuntz and Weir equations. Also, differences were observed in EE for recovery (P < 0.05) and EE(TOT) (P < 0.05) using both equations. Repeated ascents of a climbing route decreased the climbing time and absolute energy expenditure during climbing. Initially, the decrease in climbing energy expenditure is accompanied by an increase in energy expenditure during recovery; however, by the ninth ascent, the total energy expenditure of the task is lower than for ascent 1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological responses in rock climbing with repeated ascents over a 10-week period

et al. 2011

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“…Pugh (1958) reported a lower OCw value of 3.5-4 mlO 2 kg -1 m -1 (i.e., a _ VO 2 equal to 26 ml kg -1 min -1 at a rate of climbing of 494 m h -1 ). However, Pugh (1958) considered the subjects' total weight, including the alpine material, which decreases the OCw when expressed per kilogram of body mass (Bastien et al 2005;di Prampero et al 1986;Westerterp et al 1992). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mountaineering experience decreases the net oxygen cost of climbing Mont Blanc (4,808 m)

Billat

Dupré

Karp³

et al. 2009

Eur J Appl Physiol

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The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that mountaineering experience decreases the net oxygen cost of uphill walking (OCw) on steep mountain trails and in ice and snow conditions. OCw was measured during an ascent of Mont Blanc in eight experienced alpinists and eight non-alpinists who were matched for sex (4 + 4) and low-altitude aerobic power (V(O)(2)(max) 50-55 ml kg(-1) min(-1)). Subjects carried a breath-by-breath gas exchange analyzer and a GPS. V(O)(2)(max) at altitude was estimated from measured low-altitude V(O)(2)(max) using Bassett's equation to calculate fractional use of V(O)(2)(max) during the ascent (FV(O)(2)(max)). OCw was calculated as the difference between V(O)(2) while climbing minus resting V(O)(2). At all elevations, Alpinists exhibited a lower OCw (P < 0.01). In all subjects, OCw increased when encountering ice and snow conditions. FV(O)(2)(max) remained stable around 75% at all elevations independent of experience or sex. In conclusion, the OCw is lower in experienced mountaineers compared to non-experienced subjects, and increases when going from steep rocky mountain terrain to ice and snow conditions, independent of mountaineering experience or sex.

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“…Westerterp et al (1986) studied four participants in the Tour de France, finding energy expenditures 13, 21 and 35% higher than dietary estimates for the 3 weeks of the event. Energy expenditures were also measured in five subjects close to the summit of Mount Everest and/or in a hypobaric chamber; this data showed difficulty in meeting the energy demands of such exercise, with daily expenditures averaging 2.2 times the resting metabolic rate (Westerterp et al 1992). Sjödin et al (1994) found that over a week of crosscountry ski training, energy expenditures averaged 15-20 MJ/day in women, and 25-35 MJ/day in men.…”

Section: Doubly Labeled Water Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of human energy expenditure, with particular reference to field studies: an historical perspective

Shephard

Aoyagi

2011

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Over the years, techniques for the study of human movement have ranged in complexity and precision from direct observation of the subject through activity diaries, questionnaires, and recordings of body movement, to the measurement of physiological responses, studies of metabolism and indirect and direct calorimetry. This article reviews developments in each of these domains. Particular reference is made to their impact upon the continuing search for valid field estimates of activity patterns and energy expenditures, as required by the applied physiologist, ergonomist, sports scientist, nutritionist and epidemiologist. Early observers sought to improve productivity in demanding employment. Direct observation and filming of workers were supplemented by monitoring of heart rates, ventilation and oxygen consumption. Such methods still find application in ergonomics and sport, but many investigators are now interested in relationships between habitual physical activity and chronic disease. Even sophisticated questionnaires still do not provide valid information on the absolute energy expenditures associated with good health. Emphasis has thus shifted to use of sophisticated pedometer/accelerometers, sometimes combining their output with GPS and other data. Some modern pedometer/accelerometers perform well in the laboratory, but show substantial systematic errors relative to laboratory reference criteria such as the metabolism of doubly labeled water when assessing the varied activities of daily life. The challenge remains to develop activity monitors that are sufficiently inexpensive for field use, yet meet required accuracy standards. Possibly, measurements of oxygen consumption by portable respirometers may soon satisfy part of this need, although a need for valid longer term monitoring will remain.

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Energy expenditure climbing Mt. Everest

Cited by 102 publications

References 0 publications

Physiological responses in rock climbing with repeated ascents over a 10-week period

Physiological responses in rock climbing with repeated ascents over a 10-week period

Mountaineering experience decreases the net oxygen cost of climbing Mont Blanc (4,808 m)

Measurement of human energy expenditure, with particular reference to field studies: an historical perspective

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