Energy expenditure and muscle activity during lying, sitting, standing, and walking in people with motor-incomplete spinal cord injury

Dekker, Bart; Verschuren, Olaf; Balemans, Astrid C. J.; Baart, Nadia; Tubbing, Frank; Koppenhagen, Casper F. van; Post, Marcel W M

doi:10.1038/s41393-018-0167-y

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…With sitting and standing there is a lack of locomotive muscle activity, though standing elicits postural muscular activity [26]. Our observation that energy expenditure when standing was only approximately 5% higher (p<0.01) than sitting is in concordance with previous reports of an 8% and 12% higher energy expenditure with standing [27,28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prolonged standing reduces fasting plasma triglyceride but does not influence postprandial metabolism compared to prolonged sitting

et al. 2020

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Prolonged periods of sedentary behavior are linked to cardiometabolic disease independent of exercise and physical activity. This study examined the effects of posture by comparing one day of sitting (14.4 ± 0.3 h) to one day of standing (12.2 ± 0.1 h) on postprandial metabolism the following day. Eighteen subjects (9 men, 9 women; 24 ± 1 y) completed two trials (sit or stand) in a crossover design. The day after prolonged sitting or standing the subjects completed a postprandial high fat/glucose tolerance test, during which blood and expired gas was collected immediately before and hourly for 6 h after the ingestion of the test meal. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure substrate oxidation while plasma samples were analyzed for triglyceride, glucose, and insulin concentrations. Standing resulted in a lower fasting plasma triglyceride concentration (p = 0.021) which was primarily responsible for an 11.3% reduction in total area under the curve (p = 0.022) compared to sitting. However, no difference between trials in incremental area under the curve for plasma triglycerides was detected (p>0.05). There were no differences in substrate oxidation, plasma glucose concentration, or plasma insulin concentration (all p>0.05). These data demonstrate that 12 h of standing compared to 14 h of sitting has a small effect the next day by lowering fasting plasma triglyceride concentration, and this contributed to a 11.3% reduction in postprandial plasma triglyceride total area under the curve (p = 0.022) compared to sitting.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prolonged standing reduces fasting plasma triglyceride but does not influence postprandial metabolism compared to prolonged sitting

et al. 2020

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“…High-density sEMG can provide more detailed information on patterns of muscle activation, which can also be summarized, for example, using the center of gravity [ 60 , 61 ]. Wearable technology will soon provide the opportunity to characterize muscular activity under a greater range of sedentary and active conditions in the home environment [ 62 , 63 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of the surface electromyogram following traumatic spinal cord injury: a scoping review

Balbinot

Wiest

et al. 2021

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts spinal and supraspinal pathways, and this process is reflected in changes in surface electromyography (sEMG). sEMG is an informative complement to current clinical testing and can capture the residual motor command in great detail—including in muscles below the level of injury with seemingly absent motor activities. In this comprehensive review, we sought to describe how the sEMG properties are changed after SCI. We conducted a systematic literature search followed by a narrative review focusing on sEMG analysis techniques and signal properties post-SCI. We found that early reports were mostly focused on the qualitative analysis of sEMG patterns and evolved to semi-quantitative scores and a more detailed amplitude-based quantification. Nonetheless, recent studies are still constrained to an amplitude-based analysis of the sEMG, and there are opportunities to more broadly characterize the time- and frequency-domain properties of the signal as well as to take fuller advantage of high-density EMG techniques. We recommend the incorporation of a broader range of signal properties into the neurophysiological assessment post-SCI and the development of a greater understanding of the relation between these sEMG properties and underlying physiology. Enhanced sEMG analysis could contribute to a more complete description of the effects of SCI on upper and lower motor neuron function and their interactions, and also assist in understanding the mechanisms of change following neuromodulation or exercise therapy.

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“…The remaining activities which were present in both studies, i.e., playing table tennis, doing the laundry, vacuuming, and washing dishes, cannot be compared directly as it is unknown if participants in the study by Collins et al were standing or sitting during the activities. The second study reporting MET values for ambulatory individuals with an iSCI included four activities, which were also present in the current study, i.e., supported and unsupported sitting, standing, and walking (92). Reported MET values are very similar to those of the present study, i.e., supported and unsupported sitting (both 1.0 MET) vs. reading (1.1 ± 0.3 MET) and watching TV (1.3 ± 0.2 MET) in the present study, and standing (1.2 MET) vs. riding an elevator (1.5 ± 0.3 MET) although riding an elevator can include single steps and interacting with an interface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Sensors in Ambulatory Individuals With a Spinal Cord Injury: From Energy Expenditure Estimation to Activity Recommendations

et al. 2019

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Inappropriate physical inactivity is a global health problem increasing the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Wearable sensors show great potential to promote physical activity and thus a healthier lifestyle. While commercial activity trackers are available to estimate energy expenditure (EE) in non-disabled individuals, they are not designed for reliable assessments in individuals with an incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). Furthermore, activity recommendations for this population are currently rather vague and not tailored to their individual needs, and activity guidelines provided for the non-disabled population may not be easily translated for this population. However, especially in iSCI individuals with impaired abilities to stand and walk, the assessment of physical activities and appropriate recommendations for a healthy lifestyle are challenging. Therefore, the study aimed at developing an EE estimation model for iSCI individuals able to walk based on wearable sensor data. Additionally, the data collected within this study was used to translate common activity recommendations for the non-disabled population to easily understandable activity goals for ambulatory individuals with an iSCI. In total, 30 ambulatory individuals with an iSCI were equipped with wearable sensors while performing 12 different physical activities. EE was measured continuously and demographic and anthropometric variables, clinical assessment scores as well as wearable-sensor-derived features were used to develop different EE estimation models. The best EE estimation model comprised the estimation of resting EE using the updated Harris-Benedict equation, classifying activities using a k-nearest neighbor algorithm, and applying a multiple linear regression-based EE estimation model for each activity class. The mean absolute estimation error of this model was 15.2 ± 6.3% and the corresponding mean signed error was −3.4 ± 8.9%. Translating activity recommendations of global health institutions, we suggest a minimum of 2,000–3,000 steps per day for ambulatory individuals with an iSCI. If ambulatory individuals with an iSCI targeted the popular 10,000 steps a day recommendation for the non-disabled population, their equivalent would be around 8,000 steps a day. The combination of the presented dedicated EE estimation model for ambulatory individuals with an iSCI and the translated activity recommendations is an important step toward promoting an active lifestyle in this population.

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Energy expenditure and muscle activity during lying, sitting, standing, and walking in people with motor-incomplete spinal cord injury

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Prolonged standing reduces fasting plasma triglyceride but does not influence postprandial metabolism compared to prolonged sitting

Prolonged standing reduces fasting plasma triglyceride but does not influence postprandial metabolism compared to prolonged sitting

Properties of the surface electromyogram following traumatic spinal cord injury: a scoping review

Wearable Sensors in Ambulatory Individuals With a Spinal Cord Injury: From Energy Expenditure Estimation to Activity Recommendations

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