Properties of the surface electromyogram following traumatic spinal cord injury: a scoping review

Balbinot, Gustavo; Li, Guijin; Wiest, Matheus Joner; Pakosh, Maureen; Furlan, Julio C.; Kalsi‐Ryan, Sukhvinder; Zariffa, José

doi:10.1186/s12984-021-00888-2

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…Moreover, the patients’ RMS values of the adductor muscle, triceps surae, and hamstring sEMG parameters after cSPN surgery were significantly lower than those before the operation. The RMS value of sEMG is more sensitive to changes in spasm than the clinical spasm scale, so the RMS value is considered an effective parameter for predicting the effect of spasticity treatment [ 4 , 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined selective peripheral neurotomy in the treatment of spastic lower limbs of spinal cord injury patients

Liu

Fan

et al. 2022

Acta Neurochir

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Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of combined selective peripheral neurotomy (cSPN) on the spasm of the lower limbs after spinal cord injury. Methods A prospective intervention (before-after trial) with an observational design was conducted in 14 spinal cord injury patients with severe lower limbs spasticity by cSPN. Given the severe spasm of hip adductor, triceps surae, and hamstring muscles in these patients, a total of 26 obturator nerve branches, 26 tibia nerve branches, and 4 sciatic nerve branches partial neurotomy were performed. The modified Ashworth scale, composite spasticity scale, surface electromyography, gait analysis, functional ambulation category, spinal cord independence measure, and modified spinal cord injury–spasticity evaluation tool were used before and after surgery. Results Compared with preoperative, the spasm of the hip adductor, triceps surae, and hamstrings of the lower limbs in the postoperative patients decreased significantly. The abnormal gait of knee flexion and varus in the standing stage were significantly reduced. The grading of walking ability and activities of daily living were significantly improved. Conclusions Combined selective peripheral neurotomy can significantly reduce the spasm of lower limbs post spinal cord injury, improve abnormal gait, and improve motor function and activities of daily living. Trial registration ChiCTR1800019003 (2018–10-20).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined selective peripheral neurotomy in the treatment of spastic lower limbs of spinal cord injury patients

Liu

Fan

et al. 2022

Acta Neurochir

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“…Moreover, there is evidence of a small amount of preservation across the injury, even in clinically complete SCI subjects, which is insufficient to produce functional movements [ 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Furthermore, there is also evidence that FES application can enhance neuroplasticity in SCI subjects and those with hemiplegia, helping them regain some voluntary functions [ 9 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

STIMGRASP: A Home-Based Functional Electrical Stimulator for Grasp Restoration in Daily Activities

Barelli

Avelino

Castro

2022

Sensors

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Thousands of people currently suffer from motor limitations caused by SCI and strokes, which impose personal and social challenges. These individuals may have a satisfactory recovery by applying functional electrical stimulation that enables the artificial restoration of grasping after a muscular conditioning period. This paper presents the STIMGRASP, a home-based functional electrical stimulator to be used as an assistive technology for users with tetraplegia or hemiplegia. The STIMGRASP is a microcontrolled stimulator with eight multiplexed and independent symmetric biphasic constant current output channels with USB and Bluetooth communication. The system generates pulses with frequency, width, and maximum amplitude set at 20 Hz, 300 µs/phase, and 40 mA (load of 1 kΩ), respectively. It is powered by a rechargeable lithium-ion battery of 3100 mAh, allowing more than 10 h of continuous use. The development of this system focused on portability, usability, and wearability, resulting in portable hardware with user-friendly mobile app control and an orthosis with electrodes, allowing the user to carry out muscle activation sequences for four grasp modes to use for achieving daily activities.

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“…Changes in the frequency range prove to be more stable for different measurements, which may be indicative of additional motor units being involved in muscle contraction and changes in muscle contraction control levels (McKay et al, 2004). Previous studies (Heald et al, 2017;Balbinot et al, 2021;Calancie et al, 2004) have used various techniques to render sEMG data into ordinal scales, which are recognised by the researchers themselves to be complicated and unsuitable for screening in general medical practice. Specialists in Russia also use data translation for the ordinal data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of zero-gravity robotic-assisted locomotion simulator in rehabilitation of patients with spinal trauma sequelae

Tkachenko¹,

Daminov²

2022

Hrvat. rev. rehabil. istraž. (Online)

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In 2013, the WHO reported that 250,000 to 500,000 people worldwide are affected by traumatic spinal cord injury every year (WHO, 2013). In Russia, it is estimated that over 250,000 people suffer from disabilities as a result of spinal cord injury. This number continues to increase due to an increase in injury rate, as well as improvement in survival rate of patients affected by acute and long-term periods of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). This study aimed to justify the safe and effective use of a zero-gravity robotic-assisted trainer for locomotor therapy in complex rehabilitation of patients with TSCI, as well as to compare this therapeutic approach with conventional motor rehabilitation programs that use other robotic mechanotherapy techniques. Neurological and functional disorders were assessed in 30 TSCI patients based on clinical examination and electromyography (EMG) results. All patients were classified into an intervention group and a control group by sequential randomisation. Rehabilitation programs for the intervention and control groups were alike, except for robotic mechanotherapy. Significant positive dynamic changes in motor functions, measured according to the ASIA Impairment Scale (American Spinal Cord Injury Association; Marino et al., 2003) were noted in the intervention group, in which two patients moved up to a higher level. EMG data showed a significant difference between the groups in favour of the intervention group. In addition, there was a significant difference between the two groups in postural function improvement in a seated position. Rehabilitation of patients in the intervention group involved engaging the axial muscles, facilitating an increase in strength, and improving trunk muscle control. Both groups of patients showed a significant decline in spasticity, as well as changes in their functional status. The ability of patients to perform normal daily activities also showed improvement. Our findings show that zero-gravity robotic-assisted locomotor training is a safe and effective procedure in the complex rehabilitation of patients with TSCI. This technique improves motor skills, self-care, and postural function in TSCI patients. Furthermore, we found a significant correlation between neurological and functional changes, which is indicative that this new therapeutic modality focuses on a restorative concept. Further research with a power increment is warranted.

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Properties of the surface electromyogram following traumatic spinal cord injury: a scoping review

Cited by 22 publications

References 195 publications

Combined selective peripheral neurotomy in the treatment of spastic lower limbs of spinal cord injury patients

Combined selective peripheral neurotomy in the treatment of spastic lower limbs of spinal cord injury patients

STIMGRASP: A Home-Based Functional Electrical Stimulator for Grasp Restoration in Daily Activities

Use of zero-gravity robotic-assisted locomotion simulator in rehabilitation of patients with spinal trauma sequelae

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