Prolonged standing reduces fasting plasma triglyceride but does not influence postprandial metabolism compared to prolonged sitting

Abstract

Prolonged periods of sedentary behavior are linked to cardiometabolic disease independent of exercise and physical activity. This study examined the effects of posture by comparing one day of sitting (14.4 ± 0.3 h) to one day of standing (12.2 ± 0.1 h) on postprandial metabolism the following day. Eighteen subjects (9 men, 9 women; 24 ± 1 y) completed two trials (sit or stand) in a crossover design. The day after prolonged sitting or standing the subjects completed a postprandial high fat/glucose tolerance test, during which blood and expired gas was collected immediately before and hourly for 6 h after the ingestion of the test meal. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure substrate oxidation while plasma samples were analyzed for triglyceride, glucose, and insulin concentrations. Standing resulted in a lower fasting plasma triglyceride concentration (p = 0.021) which was primarily responsible for an 11.3% reduction in total area under the curve (p = 0.022) compared to sitting. However, no difference between trials in incremental area under the curve for plasma triglycerides was detected (p>0.05). There were no differences in substrate oxidation, plasma glucose concentration, or plasma insulin concentration (all p>0.05). These data demonstrate that 12 h of standing compared to 14 h of sitting has a small effect the next day by lowering fasting plasma triglyceride concentration, and this contributed to a 11.3% reduction in postprandial plasma triglyceride total area under the curve (p = 0.022) compared to sitting.

Inactivity Causes Resistance to Improvements in Metabolism After Exercise

“…Rather than sitting for prolonged periods throughout the day, many people have resorted to standing. We compared 1 d of sitting (14.4 ± 0.3 h) to 1 d of standing (12.2 ± 0.1 h) on postprandial metabolism the following morning (30). Standing the previous day resulted in a lower fasting plasma triglyceride concentration the next morning ( P = 0.02).…”

Long sedentary time is associated with worsened cardiometabolic risk markers among working adults in Eastern Ethiopia

“…Our nding is consistent with several cross-sectional studies 27,28 , that have found a deleterious association with clustered cardiometabolic risk markers 14,19,[27][28][29][30] . Moreover, evidence also showed sedentary time associated with fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and waist circumferences 31 .This might be due to the extended period of sedentary time in and outside of the working area 23 .Another consideration is that typical jobs in the study participants often more involve non-manual labor, thus resulting in less physical activity and high sedentary time 32 .This can explain the positive effect of an increasing amount of sedentary time is associated with a reduction in lipoprotein lipase activity 33 , which reduces the absorption of plasma triglycerides, particularly by the skeletal muscle, and fats are deposited in the vessels or adipose tissue and increase the plasma triglyceride levels 34 .On the other, a decrease in skeletal muscle contractions from prolonged sedentary time may reduce the uptake of plasma triglycerides and free fatty acid into skeletal muscle through suppression of lipoprotein lipase activity 35 , and reduction of plasma glucose uptake 36 .…”

Nonexercise Activity Thermogenesis-Induced Energy Shortage Improves Postprandial Lipemia and Fat Oxidation

“…To our knowledge, only three studies investigated the effect of nonexercise energy expenditure on next-day postprandial TG level [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Kim et al (2016) examined the effect of increased NEAT with or without energy deficit (by increasing energy intake) and suggested that prolonged sitting increases the postprandial blood lipid levels compared to standing [ 17 ].…”

“…Kim et al (2016) examined the effect of increased NEAT with or without energy deficit (by increasing energy intake) and suggested that prolonged sitting increases the postprandial blood lipid levels compared to standing [ 17 ]. Crawford et al, (2020) asked the subjects to perform prolonged standing or sitting to induce a difference of 86 ± 29 kcal energy expenditure [ 18 ]. Energy replacement after exercise has been noted to affect the beneficial effect of exercise [ 20 ], therefore, it is important to know whether the very low intensity exercise, defined as NEAT, can induce the energy shortage that can decrease the postprandial TG concentration the next day.…”

“…Miyashita (2013) demonstrated that sitting to rest and standing exerted similar effects on the subsequent day’s postprandial blood lipid reaction [ 16 ]. Crawford et al (2020) and Kim et al (2016) demonstrated that prolonged sitting increases the postprandial blood lipid levels compared to standing, regardless of energy balance or not [ 17 , 18 ]. As the exercise-induced energy shortage plays more important roles than diet on postprandial lipemia [ 19 ], it is important to know whether very low intensity exercise, defined as NEAT, induced the energy shortage that can decrease the postprandial TG concentration the next day.…”