Energy efficient room temperature synthesis of cardanol-based novolac resin using acoustic cavitation

Jadhav, Nilesh L.; Sastry, Sai Krishna C.; Pinjari, Dipak V.

doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.12.001

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Jadhav et al adopted a rare synthetic route to prepare cardanol based novolac resin. An energy efficient and time-saving ultrasound-facilitated synthesis method was utilized for preparing novolac resin, resulting in a reduction of reaction time from 5 h to 30 min compared to the conventional synthesis [ 109 ]. To improve the properties of the cardanol-formaldehyde resin, it was modified by substituting formaldehyde with furfural.…”

Section: Phenol Substitutes For Pf Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Based Alternatives to Phenol and Formaldehyde for the Production of Resins

Sarika

Nancarrow

Khansaheb³

et al. 2020

Polymers

138

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Phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin continues to dominate the resin industry more than 100 years after its first synthesis. Its versatile properties such as thermal stability, chemical resistance, fire resistance, and dimensional stability make it a suitable material for a wide range of applications. PF resins have been used in the wood industry as adhesives, in paints and coatings, and in the aerospace, construction, and building industries as composites and foams. Currently, petroleum is the key source of raw materials used in manufacturing PF resin. However, increasing environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion have driven industries to seek sustainable alternatives to petroleum based raw materials. Over the past decade, researchers have replaced phenol and formaldehyde with sustainable materials such as lignin, tannin, cardanol, hydroxymethylfurfural, and glyoxal to produce bio-based PF resin. Several synthesis modifications are currently under investigation towards improving the properties of bio-based phenolic resin. This review discusses recent developments in the synthesis of PF resins, particularly those created from sustainable raw material substitutes, and modifications applied to the synthetic route in order to improve the mechanical properties.

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Section: Phenol Substitutes For Pf Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Based Alternatives to Phenol and Formaldehyde for the Production of Resins

Sarika

Nancarrow

Khansaheb³

et al. 2020

Polymers

138

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“…The thermal performance of the prepolymer under an inert atmosphere was also evaluated, where the material remained stable up to 232°C, comparable to initial degradation temperatures of uncured phenolic resin 18 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The thermal performance of the prepolymer under an inert atmosphere was also evaluated, where the material remained stable up to 232 C, comparable to initial degradation temperatures of uncured phenolic resin. 18 Decomposition occurred in two main stages. The first stage of decomposition is observed between 232 and 402 C, where, approximately 36% of mass loss is observed.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies with CNSL, especially cardanol, have shown to be a promising alternative to phenol in the synthesis of these materials. 16 In the last few years, cardanol-based novolac resins have also been studied as modifiers of commercial epoxy resins and have shown an improvement in the mechanical properties and toughness of the final product, 17,18 and can also act as epoxy resin curing agents, crosslinking epoxy groups through phenolic hydroxyl. 19 Understanding that cardanol can be converted into polymers with good processability and low production cost, our aim in this work was to obtain a full use of the technical CNSL as raw material, without previous treatment or separation of its components, exploring its use in the development of novolac-type phenolic resins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bio‐based novolac resins from cashew nut processing waste: Alternative resource for the development of high‐value sustainable products

Silva

Oliveira

Silva

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In the last decades, there is an increasing trend for replacing petro-based adhesives with sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives, especially in the wood industry. In this work it was developed and characterized novolac-type phenolic resins from the full use of the cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), an agro-industrial residue and a rich source of phenolic compounds, sustainable alternative to petroleum-derived chemicals, to develop bio-based polymers. CNSL and paraformaldehyde were reacted, using oxalic acid as a catalyst, under a solvent-free methodology. A dark and viscous resin of high molar mass and thermally stable was obtained. The development of highly bio-based adhesives was proposed by combining CNSL-based novolac resin (CNSL-nov) with commercial epoxy resin (DGEBA), as an alternative to conventional hardeners. The use of the epoxy-novolac system proved to be efficient and promising in obtaining new highly cross-linked polymers with excellent thermal performance and with potential for wood industry, improving the bio-based content of high-performance adhesive. K E Y W O R D Scashew nut shell liquid, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, phenolic resin, waste utilization, wood adhesive applications

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“…The analysis has shown that supercavitation is the most promising technique for treatment of washing fluids [12][13][14]. Supercavitation occurs when axisymmetric bodies are flowed around by liquid [15][16][17]. The operating principle of SC-mechanisms is that flow slipping around the cavitator results in the formation of super-cavities that close directly in the flow, far away from the working surface of the machine [18,19].…”

Section: Fig 1 Scheme Of a Venturi Tubementioning

confidence: 99%

On the issue concerning improvement of a mud preparation technology at the expense of hydrodynamic cavitation

Kamyshatskyi¹,

Koroviaka²,

Rastsvietaiev³

et al. 2022

Coll. res. pap. nat. min. univ.

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Purpose is to improve the technology of drilling mud by applying hydrodynamic cavitation. Research methodology is represented by the theoretical and experimental studies of hydrodynamic cavitation, performed with the help of modern methods of analytical analysis and experimental studies, i.e. by using general principles of mathematical and physical modeling, methods of processing research results in EXCEL, SolidWorks for further analysis. Research results. Frequency of cavitation oscillations according to the parameters of a device for creating hydrodynamic cavitation has been calculated. The formula for determining the dispersion time of the washing liquid material by the frequency of cavitation oscillations has been theoretically substantiated and obtained. A process of moving drilling fluid in the device using the appropriate software in the SolidWorks package has been studied. The results of theoretical research have been confirmed by practical research and chosen as a basis for substantiation and development of the methods for preparing drilling fluids. Originality is represented by modeling and research of the process of hydrodynamic cavitation in a cavitation device using flow visualization using SolidWorks software. This approach helped substantiate and predict the pressure and flow velocity at each point of transition of the diameters of a cavitation dispersant. This, in turn, has made it possible to reduce hydraulic resistance and improve the device design to implement a technology of preparation of drilling fluids due to hydrodynamic cavitation. This approach has allowed substantiating and performing virtual experiments on the technology of preparation of drilling fluids; that has helped select rational design parameters of the cavitation disperser and save a lot of money and time on the production of bench samples of the device, including various design features. Practical implications. Basing on the results of both theoretical and experimental studies, the development of advanced technology for the preparation of stable drilling fluids be applying rational indicators of hydrodynamic cavitation has been substantiated and proposed.

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Energy efficient room temperature synthesis of cardanol-based novolac resin using acoustic cavitation

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Bio-Based Alternatives to Phenol and Formaldehyde for the Production of Resins

Bio-Based Alternatives to Phenol and Formaldehyde for the Production of Resins

Bio‐based novolac resins from cashew nut processing waste: Alternative resource for the development of high‐value sustainable products

On the issue concerning improvement of a mud preparation technology at the expense of hydrodynamic cavitation

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