Energy-dense, low-fiber, high-fat dietary pattern is associated with increased fatness in childhood

Johnson, Laura; Mander, Adrian P.; Jones, Louise; Emmett, Pauline M; Jebb, Susan A.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.4.846

Cited by 257 publications

(282 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Another potential weakness of our study might constitute in the fact that dietary data were collected at the age of 7 years, while fat mass was measured about 2 years later. However, this approach has been used previously on these data and yielded plausible results (18). Furthermore, there was at least reasonable agreement between general food patterns at the ages of 7 and 9 years, as assessed by food frequency questionnaires (36).…”

Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 66%

Interactions of genetic and environmental risk factors with respect to body fat mass in children: Results from the ALSPAC study

Riedel

Kries

Fenske

et al. 2013

Obesity

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Objective: To evaluate if percentile-specific effects of genetic, environmental and lifestyle obesity risk factors on body mass index (BMI) might reflect gene-environment interactions with respect to the development of overweight. Design and Methods: Retrospective study with data of 2,346 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), using quantile regression with body fat mass index (FMI) for children at the age of 9 years as outcome variable. We assessed interactions of an ''obesity-risk-allele-score'' with environmental and nutritional factors. Results: There was no evidence of interactions between the obesity-risk-allele score and the environmental variables except for maternal overweight. However, we found a significant interaction with respect to intake of mono-and polyunsaturated fatty acids at the age of 7. In children with low intake, genetic risk was associated with increasing effect sizes by FMI percentile. Conclusions: Our results suggest an interaction between a low dietary content of unsaturated fatty acids and genetic risk factors for overweight on FMI. This effect is likely to be stronger in children with higher FMI.

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Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 66%

Interactions of genetic and environmental risk factors with respect to body fat mass in children: Results from the ALSPAC study

Riedel

Kries

Fenske

et al. 2013

Obesity

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“…Two other studies performed in Greece and in Great Britain also revealed a negative association between a dietary pattern comprising high-fibre food consumption and excess adiposity in children (6,40) . Other recent research has shown that fibre supplementation in obese individuals can significantly enhance weight loss (41) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Identification of lifestyle patterns associated with obesity and fat mass in children: the Healthy Growth Study

Moschonis

Kalliora

Costarelli

et al. 2013

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To investigate possible associations of lifestyle patterns with obesity and fat mass in children. Design: Cross-sectional epidemiological study. Principal component analysis was used to identify lifestyle patterns. Setting: Primary schools from four regions in Greece. Subjects: A total of 2073 schoolchildren (aged 9-13 years). Results: Children in the fourth quartile of the lifestyle pattern combining higher dairy foods with more adequate breakfast consumption were 39?4 %, 45?2 % and 32?2 % less likely to be overweight/obese and in the highest quartile of sum of skinfold thicknesses and fat mass, respectively, than children in the first quartile of this pattern. Similarly, children in the fourth quartile of a lifestyle pattern comprising consumption of high-fibre foods, such as fruits, vegetables and wholegrain products, were 27?4 % less likely to be in the highest quartile of sum of skinfold thicknesses than children in the first lifestyle pattern quartile. Finally, children in the fourth quartile of a lifestyle pattern characterized by more time spent on moderate-tovigorous physical activity and more frequent meals were 38?0 %, 26?3 % and 29?5 % less likely to be overweight, centrally obese and in the highest quartile of fat mass, respectively, than their peers in the first quartile of this lifestyle pattern (all P , 0?05). Conclusions: The current study identified three lifestyle patterns (i.e. one pattern comprising higher dairy consumption with a more adequate breakfast; a second pattern characterized by increased consumption of high-fibre foods; and a third pattern combining higher physical activity levels with more frequent meals), which were all related with lower odds of obesity and/or increased fat mass levels. From a public health perspective, promotion of these patterns among children and their families should be considered as one of the components of any childhood obesity preventive initiative.

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“…Johnson et al (2008b) noted in their study that fruit and vegetables (combined) had twice as heavy a loading on a dietary pattern score that included energy density than crisps and confectionary did. They propose that this should 'reinforce efforts to encourage consumption of fruit and vegetables' rather than 'focusing on the exclusion' of energy- Dietary energy density and diet quality E Patterson et al Table 2 Intakes of food groups across diets of low-, mid-and high-energy density in (a) 9 year olds (n ¼ 551) and (b) 15 year olds (n ¼ 569) by gender One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for all subjects (n ¼ 1120), with energy density tertiles as the independent variable, and residuals of food groups regressed on energy as dependents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Dietary energy density as a marker of dietary quality in Swedish children and adolescents: the European Youth Heart Study

et al. 2010

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Objective: To investigate if dietary energy density is associated with measures of dietary quality (food group, micronutrient and macronutrient intakes) in children and adolescents. Subjects/Methods: In all, 551 children (mean age 9.6 years, 52% girls) and 569 adolescents (15.5 years, 55% girls), sampled from schools in Sweden, completed a single 24-h dietary recall. Dietary energy density (kJ/g) was calculated as the energy from all food consumed divided by the weight of all food consumed. Beverages were excluded from the calculation. Food and micronutrient intakes were adjusted for energy intake. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences in food group and nutrient intakes across age-and gender-specific tertiles of energy density. Discriminant analysis was used to confirm the groupings formed by tertiles. Results: Subjects with low-energy-density diets were significantly more likely to consume fruits, vegetables, pasta, rice, potatoes and cereals and less likely to consume sweetened drinks, sweets and chocolate. After energy adjustment, their intakes of many foods recommended in the Swedish food-based dietary guidelines were higher and intakes of nutrient-poor foods were lower. The macronutrient energy profile (% energy) of low-energy-density diets was closest to the recommended level. Low-energydensity diets contained greater amounts of most micronutrients. Discriminant analysis confirmed the existence of heterogeneous dietary patterns and the likelihood of correct classification by energy density in 65% of cases. Conclusions: Lower dietary energy density is associated with better dietary quality in children and adolescents. Energy density has advantages over other whole diet analysis methods and may be suitable as a simple proxy of diet quality.

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Energy-dense, low-fiber, high-fat dietary pattern is associated with increased fatness in childhood

Abstract: An energy-dense, low-fiber, high-fat diet is associated with higher fat mass and greater odds of excess adiposity in childhood.

Cited by 257 publications

References 36 publications

Interactions of genetic and environmental risk factors with respect to body fat mass in children: Results from the ALSPAC study

Interactions of genetic and environmental risk factors with respect to body fat mass in children: Results from the ALSPAC study

Identification of lifestyle patterns associated with obesity and fat mass in children: the Healthy Growth Study

Dietary energy density as a marker of dietary quality in Swedish children and adolescents: the European Youth Heart Study

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