Interactions of genetic and environmental risk factors with respect to body fat mass in children: Results from the ALSPAC study

Riedel, Christina; Kries, Rüdiger von; Fenske, Nora; Strauch, Konstantin; Ness, Andy R; Beyerlein, Andreas

doi:10.1002/oby.20196

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…A more recent analysis found an interaction between an eight SNP obesity gene score and mono and polyunsaturated fatty acid intake [160]. Among 2346 children with low unsaturated fat intake, the gene score was associated with increased body fat mass index yet no association was present among unexposed children [160].…”

Section: Obesity-predisposing Gene Variants Interact With Dietmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The importance of gene–environment interactions in human obesity

2016

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The worldwide obesity epidemic has been mainly attributed to lifestyle changes. However, who becomes obese in an obesity-prone environment is largely determined by genetic factors. In the last 20 years, important progress has been made in the elucidation of the genetic architecture of obesity. In parallel with successful gene identifications, the number of gene-environment interaction (GEI) studies has grown rapidly. This paper reviews the growing body of evidence supporting gene-environment interactions in the field of obesity. Heritability, monogenic and polygenic obesity studies provide converging evidence that obesity-predisposing genes interact with a variety of environmental, lifestyle and treatment exposures. However, some skepticism remains regarding the validity of these studies based on several issues, which include statistical modelling, confounding, low replication rate, underpowered analyses, biological assumptions and measurement precision. What follows in this review includes (1) an introduction to the study of GEI, (2) the evidence of GEI in the field of obesity, (3) an outline of the biological mechanisms that may explain these interaction effects, (4) methodological challenges associated with GEI studies and potential solutions, and (5) future directions of GEI research. Thus far, this growing body of evidence has provided a deeper understanding of GEI influencing obesity and may have tremendous applications in the emerging field of personalized medicine and individualized lifestyle recommendations.

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Section: Obesity-predisposing Gene Variants Interact With Dietmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Among 2346 children with low unsaturated fat intake, the gene score was associated with increased body fat mass index yet no association was present among unexposed children [160].…”

Section: Obesity-predisposing Gene Variants Interact With Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of gene–environment interactions in human obesity

2016

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“…Numerous observational studies specifically investigated the interactions of obesity or body fat distribution associated SNPs or genetic risk scores (GRS) with nutrients [55,56,57,58,59,60,61], foods [55,62,63], dietary patterns [63,64,65,66,67], physical activity and other lifestyle factors [61,67,68,69,70,71]. In a previous cohort study, which included 334 female twins (57.7 ± 6.7 years), it was found that, when carrying a low genetic risk of abdominal fat, women in the highest tertile of polyunsaturated fat intakes had about 50% less central abdominal fat than those in the lowest tertile of intakes [61].…”

Section: Gene–environment Interaction On Obesity and Body Fat Distmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene–Environment Interactions on Body Fat Distribution

2019

IJMS

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The prevalence of obesity has been increasing markedly in the U.S. and worldwide in the past decades; and notably, the obese populations are signified by not only the overall elevated adiposity but also particularly harmful accumulation of body fat in the central region of the body, namely, abdominal obesity. The profound shift from “traditional” to “obesogenic” environments, principally featured by the abundance of palatable, energy-dense diet, reduced physical activity, and prolonged sedentary time, promotes the obesity epidemics and detrimental body fat distribution. Recent advances in genomics studies shed light on the genetic basis of obesity and body fat distribution. In addition, growing evidence from investigations in large cohorts and clinical trials has lent support to interactions between genetic variations and environmental factors, e.g., diet and lifestyle factors, in relation to obesity and body fat distribution. This review summarizes the recent discoveries from observational studies and randomized clinical trials on the gene–environment interactions on obesity and body fat distribution.

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“…We observed neither major percentile-specific associations nor evidence for effect modification by increased genetic susceptibility. While we had found corresponding association patterns for several risk factors of childhood overweight, such as maternal overweight, low parental education, or exclusive formula feeding (33), we had already observed less evidence for such patterns or for effect modification by genetic factors with respect to nutritional variables in a previous study (34). Based on these findings, we consider it rather unlikely that the associations of energy and protein intake with childhood overweight are largely driven by genetically susceptible subgroups, although we cannot rule out that other genetic variants that we were not able to investigate here may play a role.…”

Section: Pediatric Obesitymentioning

confidence: 78%

Intake of Energy and Protein is Associated with Overweight Risk at Age 5.5 Years: Results from the Prospective TEDDY Study

Beyerlein

Uusitalo

Virtanen

et al. 2017

Obesity

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ObjectiveWe assessed the associations of energy, protein, carbohydrate and fat intake with weight status up to the age of 5.5 years in the prospective TEDDY study.MethodsFood record data (3 days) and body mass index (BMI) measurements between 0.25 and 5.5 years were available from 5,563 children with increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes followed from shortly after birth. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for overweight and obesity by previous intake of energy, protein, carbohydrates and fat with adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsOverweight and obesity at the age of 5.5 years were positively associated with mean energy intake in previous age intervals (e.g. adjusted OR [95% confidence interval] for overweight: 1.06 [1.04, 1.09] per 100 kcal intake at the age of 4.5–5.0 years), and with protein intake after the age of 3.5 and 4.5 years, respectively (e. g. adjusted OR for overweight: 1.06 [1.03, 1.09] per 1 % of energy intake at the age of 4.5–5.0 years). The respective associations with carbohydrate and fat intake were less consistent.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that energy and protein intake are positively associated with increased risk for overweight in childhood, but yield no evidence for potential programming effects of protein intake in infancy.

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Interactions of genetic and environmental risk factors with respect to body fat mass in children: Results from the ALSPAC study

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

The importance of gene–environment interactions in human obesity

The importance of gene–environment interactions in human obesity

Gene–Environment Interactions on Body Fat Distribution

Intake of Energy and Protein is Associated with Overweight Risk at Age 5.5 Years: Results from the Prospective TEDDY Study

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