Dietary energy density as a marker of dietary quality in Swedish children and adolescents: the European Youth Heart Study

Abstract

Objective: To investigate if dietary energy density is associated with measures of dietary quality (food group, micronutrient and macronutrient intakes) in children and adolescents. Subjects/Methods: In all, 551 children (mean age 9.6 years, 52% girls) and 569 adolescents (15.5 years, 55% girls), sampled from schools in Sweden, completed a single 24-h dietary recall. Dietary energy density (kJ/g) was calculated as the energy from all food consumed divided by the weight of all food consumed. Beverages were excluded from the calculation. Food and micronutrient intakes were adjusted for energy intake. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences in food group and nutrient intakes across age-and gender-specific tertiles of energy density. Discriminant analysis was used to confirm the groupings formed by tertiles. Results: Subjects with low-energy-density diets were significantly more likely to consume fruits, vegetables, pasta, rice, potatoes and cereals and less likely to consume sweetened drinks, sweets and chocolate. After energy adjustment, their intakes of many foods recommended in the Swedish food-based dietary guidelines were higher and intakes of nutrient-poor foods were lower. The macronutrient energy profile (% energy) of low-energy-density diets was closest to the recommended level. Low-energydensity diets contained greater amounts of most micronutrients. Discriminant analysis confirmed the existence of heterogeneous dietary patterns and the likelihood of correct classification by energy density in 65% of cases. Conclusions: Lower dietary energy density is associated with better dietary quality in children and adolescents. Energy density has advantages over other whole diet analysis methods and may be suitable as a simple proxy of diet quality.

Transversal analysis of junk food diet for a group of medical students and its association with metabolic syndrome

“…The average intake for saturated fats in this Swedish population is higher than that obtained by us (12 %); as for the sugar intake, this is below the average intake in our study (17.22 % in women and 16.43% in men). If differences between averages seem relatively small, what differs by far more is the percentage of those who comply with the recommendations of a healthy diet: thus, in the Swedish study, 30% of the teenagers comply with diet recommendations in respect to saturated fats intake and 82% for the intake of sugar [13] as compared to 3% and 30% respectively from the group we studied.…”

“…In order to compare it with a population from a similar age group, we used the results of a Swedish study performed on teenagers by Patterson et al [13]. This study reported an average intake of saturated fats of 14.1% and of sugar of 12.2%.…”

Keterkaitan Densitas Gizi, Harga Pangan, Dan Status Gizi Pada Anak Sekolah Dasar Negeri Pekayon 16 Pagi

“…Konsumsi energi, gula, dan lemak jenuh yang berlebih namun rendah konsumsi buah, dan sayur dapat menunjukkan kualitas konsumsi yang rendah. Kualitas konsumsi yang baik dikaitkan dengan tingginya konsumsi buah dan sayur yang memiliki densitas energi rendah serta mencukupi kebutuhan makronutrien secara tepat (Patterson 2010). Rasa yang manis dan gurih menjadikan makanan dan minuman manis dan tinggi lemak lebih banyak disukai oleh masyarakat dibandingkan dengan makanan kaya zat gizi seperti sayur dan buah sehingga konsumsi dari makanan tersebut menyebabkan gizi lebih.…”

Densidade energética da dieta e fatores associados: como está a população de São Paulo?

“…No entanto, como padrões de consumo são culturalmente determinados, o uso desses métodos torna difíceis as comparações entre estudos em populações distintas e ao longo do tempo. Nesse sentido, a medida da densidade energética da dieta poderia superar essa dificuldade, além de ser mais fácil de calcular (21,30). Dos fatores sociais, demográficos, de estilo de vida e antropométricos investigados, apenas a idade e o hábi-to de fumar associaram-se, negativamente, à densidade energética.…”