Energy conversion efficiency from a high-order soliton to fundamental solitons in the presence of Raman scattering

Abstract

We formulate the energy conversion efficiency from a high-order soliton to fundamental solitons by including the influence of interpulse Raman scattering in the fission process. The proposed analytical formula agrees closely with numerical results of the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation as well as to experimental results, while the resulting formulation significantly alters the energy conversion efficiency predicted by the Raman-independent inverse scattering method. We also calculate the energy conversion efficiency in materials of different Raman gain profiles such as silica, ZBLAN, and chalcogenide glasses ( A s 2 S 3 and A s 2 S e 3 ). It is predicted that ZBLAN glass leads to the largest energy conversion efficiency of all four materials. Energy conversion efficiency is a notion of utmost practical interest for the design of wavelength converters and supercontinuum generation systems based on the dynamics of a soliton self-frequency shift.