Energy consumption for water use cycles in different countries: A review

Wakeel, Muhammad; Chen, Bin; Hayat, Tasawar; Alsaedi, Ahmed; Ahmad, Bashir

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.114

Cited by 244 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…According to [17], of the total energy consumed, 70% is used for operation and 30% for the construction. In North American WWTPs, due to the large volume of treated wastewater, 94% of the spent energy is in the plant's operating phase [23]. Data on this consumption in Brazil are scarce.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reference [23] reported the energy consumption in WWTPs of different countries and, regardless of technology differences, the average consumption was similar, between 0.38 and 1.122 kWh/m 3 . Five WWTPs were analyzed in China, including one of the largest in the world (2x106 m³ / day capacity), and they were compared to others in the United States, Germany and South Africa.…”

Section: Wastewater Treatment Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Australia the final disposal spends 0.02 kWh/m 3 [23]. The management of the sludge produced in the WWTPs also consumes much of the energy.…”

Section: Wastewater Treatment Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other revisions have involved the sector as a whole, as [6,23]. According to [17], of the total energy consumed, 70% is used for operation and 30% for the construction.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Analysis of the Energy Consumption of Different Wastewater Treatment Plants

Soares¹

2017

IJAAA

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Abstract:Wastewater treatment is a process of intensive use of resources, mainly energy, which accounts for 15 to 40% of the operating costs in conventional wastewater treatment systems. With the expected demographic increase and the restrictive trend in quality standards for effluent discharge, the energy consumption tends to increase further if there are no changes in the processes. The literature gathers the energy consumption of different wastewater treatment systems, in an attempt to map the processes and to help the decision making in the search for better alternatives. One of these alternatives is the recovery of energy from the sewer. The conventional treatment system requires between 0.3 and 0.6 kWh/m 3 , while the energy contained in the wastewater may be up to 10 times of the one required for the treatment. The simultaneous wastewater treatment and power generation, called the hybrid treatment system, is a worldwide trend. In Brazil, recent studies have shown, through energy balances, the energy viability of anaerobic-aerobic systems, with the production of algae. This work presents a comparative review of the energy consumption of different wastewater treatment plants, aiming at a better understanding and management of the processes. The results showed that there are few Brazilian data published, indicating that the country still demands more studies on the subject to improve its processes. In the treatment of wastewater, most studies point to the aerobic process as the largest consumer of energy, and efforts are focused on the optimization of the conventional system, but still without great achievements. Environmental goals and water supply strategies are poorly integrated with the energy handling, leading to an inefficient use, and with economic and environmental consequences.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wastewater Treatment Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Australia the final disposal spends 0.02 kWh/m 3 [23]. The management of the sludge produced in the WWTPs also consumes much of the energy.…”

Section: Wastewater Treatment Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other revisions have involved the sector as a whole, as [6,23]. According to [17], of the total energy consumed, 70% is used for operation and 30% for the construction.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comparative Analysis of the Energy Consumption of Different Wastewater Treatment Plants

Soares¹

2017

IJAAA

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“…Another study evaluated the spatial dependence of energy consumption associated with water distribution [10]. Further, substantial literature reviews of such studies are included in references [11,12].…”

Section: Contributors To Electricity MIXmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the electricity intensity of evolving water supply mixes: the case of California’s water network

Stokes-Draut

Taptich

Kavvada

et al. 2017

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Climate change is making water supply less predictable, even unreliable, in parts of the world. Urban water providers, especially in already arid areas, will need to diversify their water resources by switching to alternative sources and negotiating trading agreements to create more resilient and interdependent networks. The increasing complexity of these networks will likely require more operational electricity. The ability to document, visualize, and analyze water-energy relationships will be critical to future water planning, especially as data needed to conduct the analyses become increasingly available. We have developed a network model and decision-support tool, WESTNet, to perform these tasks. Herein, WESTNet was used to analyze a model of California's 2010 urban water network as well as the projected system for 2020 and 2030. Results for California's ten hydrologic regions show that the average number of water sources per utility and total electricity consumption for supplying water will increase in spite of decreasing per-capita water consumption. Electricity intensity (kWh m −3 ) will increase in arid regions of the state due to shifts to alternative water sources such as indirect potable water reuse, desalination, and water transfers. In wetter, typically less populated, regions, reduced water demand for electricity-intensive supplies will decrease the electricity intensity of the water supply mix, though total electricity consumption will increase due to urban population growth. The results of this study provide a baseline for comparing current and potential innovations to California's water system. The WESTNet tool can be applied to diverse water systems in any geographic region at a variety of scales to evaluate an array of network-dependent water-energy parameters.

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Estimating the Ecological Performance of Water and Wastewater Treatment in Africa: A Meta‐Analysis

et al. 2023

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This article is the result of a systematic review of published life cycle assessment (LCA) studies on water and wastewater treatment in Africa. After applying the search and selection criteria, 32 observations for energy use were included and 20 for the global warming potential (GWP) and the eutrophication potential (EP). The dependent variables were categorized by technical, method, and typology factors. The meta‐regression model aligned with the descriptive statistics on the variation of the dependent variables due to water source but not location. Regarding energy use, GWP, and EP, the water source and the study location had the most significant influence in contrast to the life cycle impact assessment method. There is a need for more such LCA studies in Central and Western parts of Africa.

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Energy consumption for water use cycles in different countries: A review

Cited by 244 publications

References 137 publications

Comparative Analysis of the Energy Consumption of Different Wastewater Treatment Plants

Comparative Analysis of the Energy Consumption of Different Wastewater Treatment Plants

Evaluating the electricity intensity of evolving water supply mixes: the case of California’s water network

Estimating the Ecological Performance of Water and Wastewater Treatment in Africa: A Meta‐Analysis

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