Endotoxaemia and renal failure in cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice.

Wilkinson, Stephen; Moodie, Helen; Stamatakis, J. D.; Vv, Kakkar; Williams, Roger

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.6049.1415

Cited by 170 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Thus, it can be anticipated that LPS measurement by HPLC/MS/MS could become a promising tool in the diagnosis, follow-up, and therapeutic management of patients with sepsis. It might also be relevant in investigating other pathophysiological states that may be associated with acute or low-grade endotoxemia (including cirrhosis, infl ammatory bowel diseases, periodontitis, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and high fat feeding) ( 22,(38)(39)(40)(41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative lipopolysaccharide analysis using HPLC/MS/MS and its combination with the limulus amebocyte lysate assay

Barros

Gautier

Sali

et al. 2015

Journal of Lipid Research

100

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Systemic infl ammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is defi ned by a cluster of clinical signs that include tachycardia, leukocytosis, tachypnoea, and pyrexia ( 1 ). Although SIRS is a major consequence of sepsis (i.e., a deleterious, nonresolving infl ammatory response to infection that can lead to multiple organ dysfunction and septic shock), it can be caused by many pathological events that are not associated with the bacterial infection ( 1 ). It is of major importance to distinguish between noninfectious SIRS, sepsis, and septic shock in critically ill patients because these groups of patients are markedly different in terms of care and clinical outcome. Positive microbiological identifi cation tests [using conventional microbiological tests or bacterial DNA detection ( 2 ) as well as a number of infl ammatory and infectious biomarkers, including cytokines, procalcitonin, immune cell markers or a combination of these ( 3 )] have been proposed, but at this stage, none has proved to be reliable enough to ascertain the occurrence and extent of infection in high-risk patients with SIRS. Interestingly, and as documented further by our group in the prospective multicenter cohort EPISS study ( 4 ), Gramnegative bacilli are the most frequently identifi ed pathogens in patients with septic shock. In this context, the direct quantitation of the culprit component of the Gram-negative bacterium [i.e., lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which triggers SIRS by interacting with the CD14/Toll-like receptor 4 /myeloid differentiation factor 2 receptor complex at the surface of leukocytes ( 1 ) Abbreviations: 3HM, 3-hydroxymyristic acid or 3-hydroxymyristate; LAL, limulus amebocyte lysate; LOD, limit of detection; LOQ, limit of quantifi cation; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PLTP, phospholipid transfer protein; SIRS, systemic infl ammatory response syndrome; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative lipopolysaccharide analysis using HPLC/MS/MS and its combination with the limulus amebocyte lysate assay

Barros

Gautier

Sali

et al. 2015

Journal of Lipid Research

100

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“…It has been well known that non-septic endotoxemia appears in patients with fulminant hepatic failure (Wilkinson et al 1974) or cirrhotic patients (Wilkinson et al 1976). Wilkinson et al (1974) reported that 14 of 22 consecutive patients with fulminant hepatic failure had endotoxemia and there was statistically significant correlation between the occurrence of endotoxemia and the development of renal failure and DIC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endotoxemia in liver diseases: Detection by a quantitative assay using chromogenic substrate with perchloric acid pretreatment.

Yajima

Fukuda

Otsuki

et al. 1985

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…Infection causes considerable perioperative morbidity in patients with obstructive jaundice.1 2 Bacterial colonisation of the biliary tree is common3 but changes in immune response may also be important. Kuppfer cell function4 and delayed hypersensitivity5 are impaired in obstructive jaundice but human neutrophil function has not been investigated and animal studies have conflicting results.6 7 Neutrophil adhesion to the vascular endothelium is essential for subsequent transmigration8 9 and congenitally impaired adhesion is associated with an increased incidence of bacterial infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstructive jaundice causes reduced expression of polymorphonuclear leucocyte adhesion molecules and a depressed response to bacterial wall products in vitro.

Plusa

Webster

Primrose

1996

Gut

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Background-Obstructive jaundice is associated with an increased incidence of infection and endotoxaemia, which may result from impaired host immunity. Neutrophil adhesion to vascular endothelium is a key part of the inflammatory response.Aims-To investigate neutrophil adhesion molecule expression and activation in obstructive jaundice. Patients-Nine adult patients with obstructive jaundice and 11 control subjects. Methods-The expression of the neutrophil adhesion receptors L-selectin, CD1 la, CD11b, CD1lc, and CD15 was determined using flow cytometry. CD1lb expression in response to stimulation with fMLP and endotoxin was measured. (Gut 1996; 38: 784-787)

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Endotoxaemia and renal failure in cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice.

Cited by 170 publications

References 23 publications

Quantitative lipopolysaccharide analysis using HPLC/MS/MS and its combination with the limulus amebocyte lysate assay

Quantitative lipopolysaccharide analysis using HPLC/MS/MS and its combination with the limulus amebocyte lysate assay

Endotoxemia in liver diseases: Detection by a quantitative assay using chromogenic substrate with perchloric acid pretreatment.

Obstructive jaundice causes reduced expression of polymorphonuclear leucocyte adhesion molecules and a depressed response to bacterial wall products in vitro.

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