Endophytic Detection in Selected European Herbal Plants

Abstract

A b s t r a c tA total of 181 cultivable endophytic bacterial isolates were collected from stems of 13 species of herbs inhabiting Europe (Poland): Chelido nium majus L., Elymus repens L., Erigeron annuus L., Euphrasia rostkoviana Hayne, Foeniculum vulgare L., Geranium pratense L., Humulus lupulus L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Mentha arvensis L., Papaver rhoeas L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Solidago gigantea L. and Vinca minor L. The isolates were screened for their antifungal activity and fifty three were found to inhibit fungal growth. Of these, five had strong antifungal properties. These selected isolates were identified as: Pseudomonas azotoformans, P. cedrina, Bacillus subtilis group and Erwinia persicina. 370In the past few years the search for endophytes inhabiting medicinal plants intensified. It is now recognized that herbs are a very rich source of microorganisms with different biochemical properties. Numerous recent studies have been devoted to the identification of endophytes colonizing herbs from Asian countries. One study isolated 18 endophytic bacteria from herbal plants in Indonesia, such as citrus, turmeric, Androgra phis paniculata and Piper crocatum (Soka et al., 2012). Another study obtained 19 bacterial endophytes and 113 fungal endophytes from plants grown in India: Digitalis lanata, Digitalis purpurea, Plantago ovata and Dioscorea bulbifera (Ahmed et al., 2012). Indian herbs were also investigated by Amirita and colleagues, who managed to isolate 334 fungal strains inhabiting the internal tissues of Adhatoda vasica, Costus igneus, Coleus aromaticus and Lawsonia (Amirita et al., 2012). Another study of medicinal plants grown in Taiwan isolated 156 fungal endophytes from 20 species from the Lauraceae and Rutaceae family (Ho et al., 2012). In 2014 our team presented endophytic microflora of Hypericum perforatum (Rekosz-Burlaga et al., 2014). From stems and leaves of the tested plants four bacterial strains were isolated.The aim of the present study was to describe the endophytic microflora of selected medicinal plants inhabiting European countries. Isolated bacteria were tested for their antifungal properties against a plant pathogenic fungi and strains displaying the greatest antifungal activity have been classified according to their morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics.Plant samples were collected from two areas in central Poland, near Kozienice town (51.575°N, 21.750°E) and in Warsaw city (52.259°N, 21.020°E), during the vegetative seasons of 2007 and 2008. Bacterial endophytes were isolated from stems of 13 native growing herbal plant species: Chelidonium majus L., Elymes repens L., Erigeron annuus L., Euphrasia rostkoviana Hayne, Foeniculum vulgare L., Geranium pratense L., Humulus lupulus L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Mentla arvensis L., Papaver rhoeasL., Rosmarinus officinalis L. Solidago gigantea L. and Vinca minor L. Bacterial isolation from plant material was performed according to the procedure of Hung and Annapurna (2004). Five plants of each species were...

Plant Growth Promoting Bacterial Endophytes Isolated From Polish Herbal Plants

“…Bacterial endophytes used in this study were isolated from native growing herbs collected in Poland [Goryluk-Salmonowicz et al 2016]. Five endophytic strains with the strongest antifungal activity against plant pathogens, were selected for the experiments: Bacillus sp.…”

“…Endophytic strains were identified based on morphological observation, biochemical properties and 16SrRNA gene analysis as previously described [Goryluk-Salmonowicz et al 2016]. One strain, Bacillus sp.…”

“…30B, classified to Bacillus subtilis group needed further researches as 16SrRNA gene sequence, was too highly conserved to enable Bacillus species differentiation. 16SrRNA analysis (in the NCBI database using Standard Nucleotide BLAST) showed 100% sequence homology of 30B strain to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis species [Goryluk-Salmonowicz et al 2016]. One of the accurate method applied for differentiation between B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens is randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD).…”

“…Since our strains had no negative effect on seed germination, they can be considered good candidates for plant growth biocontrol agents. Tested endophytic strains, especially Pseudomonas species, not only enhance the root development of triticale (present study), but also have fungistatic activity against plant pathogenic fungi [Goryluk- Salmonowicz et al 2016]. It is known that endophytic contribution to plant growth and thereby crop productivity can be enhanced by application of plant growth promoting endophytes (PGPE).…”

“…Phylogenetic affiliation of endophytic bacteria [Zinniel et al 2002, Hung and Annapurna 2004, Rosenblueth and Martínez-Romero 2006, Romero et al 2014, Shi et al 2014 The most common endophytic properties are production of phytohormones, nitrogen fixation and induction of resistance to plant pathogens by production of antibiotics. In this study we attempted to determine whether selected endophytic bacteria with strong antifungal activity against plant pathogens [Goryluk-Salmonowicz et al 2016] produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Moreover, we investigated the influence of seed dressing with these bacteria on seedling development of triticale.…”