Endohedral fullerenes for organic photovoltaic devices

Ross, Russel; Cardona, Claudia M.; Guldi, Dirk M.; Sankaranarayanan, Shankara G.; Reese, Matthew O.; Kopidakis, Nikos; Peet, Jeff; Walker, Bright; Bazan, Guillermo C.; Keuren, Edward Van; Holloway, Brian C.; Drees, Martin

doi:10.1038/nmat2379

Cited by 598 publications

(574 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Drees et al have recently demonstrated that lutetium based endohedral fullerenes (Lu 3 N@C 80 ) can be chemically derivatised with solubilising sidechains, and the resulting derivatives have LUMO energies up to 0.2-0.3 eV higher than PCBM. 25 Such derivatives exist as single isomers, preserving the beneficial self-organising and transport properties of PCBM, but increasing the available photovoltage to the cell.…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Structure And Performance Of Fullerementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of blend microstructure on bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic performance

et al. 2011

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This tutorial review discusses the factors influencing blend microstructure and performance in bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells.Please check this proof carefully. Our staff will not read it in detail after you have returned it. Translation errors between word-processor files and typesetting systems can occur so the whole proof needs to be read. Please pay particular attention to: tabulated material; equations; numerical data; figures and graphics; and references. If you have not already indicated the corresponding author(s) please mark their name(s) with an asterisk. Please e-mail a list of corrections or the PDF with electronic notes attached --do not change the text within the PDF file or send a revised manuscript.Please bear in mind that minor layout improvements, e.g. in line breaking, table widths and graphic placement, are routinely applied to the final version.Please note that, in the typefaces we use, an italic vee looks like this: n, and a Greek nu looks like this: n.We will publish articles on the web as soon as possible after receiving your corrections; no late corrections will be made.Please return your final corrections, where possible within 48 hours of receipt, by e-mail to: chemsocrev@rsc.org Reprints-Electronic (PDF) reprints will be provided free of charge to the corresponding author. Enquiries about purchasing paper reprints should be addressed via: http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/ReSourCe/PaperReprints/. Costs for reprints are below: Q3The sentence beginning ''For example it has been shown. . .'' has been altered for clarity, please check that the meaning is correct. Q4The citation to ' Fig. 8(a)' in the sentence beginning 'Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. . .' has been changed to ' Fig. 10(a)' as the text appears to discuss ' Fig. 10(a)'. Please check that this is correct. Q5The citation to ' Fig. 8(b)' in the sentence beginning 'Upon annealing, P3HT chains begin to crystallize. . .' has been changed to ' Fig The performance of organic photovoltaic devices based upon bulk heterojunction blends of donor and acceptor materials has been shown to be highly dependent on the thin film microstructure. In this tutorial review, we discuss the factors responsible for influencing blend microstructure and how these affect device performance. In particular we discuss how various molecular design approaches can affect the thin film morphology of both the donor and acceptor components, as well as their blend microstructure. We further examine the influence of polymer molecular weight and blend composition upon device performance, and discuss how a variety of processing techniques can be used to control the blend microstructure, leading to improvements in solar cell efficiencies.

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Section: Factors Influencing the Structure And Performance Of Fullerementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of blend microstructure on bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic performance

et al. 2011

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“…The inefficacy of tuning frontier energy levels of fullerenes constrains donor material development 19, 20, 21, 22. Currently, the donor material design must reference the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of fullerene derivatives (e.g., [6,6]‐phenyl C 71 ‐butyric acid methyl ester, PC 70 BM) to optimize open‐circuit voltage ( V oc ) 23.…”

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High‐Performance Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells Based on a Selenium‐Containing Polymer Donor and a Twisted Perylene Bisimide Acceptor

et al. 2016

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A novel polymer donor (PBDTS‐Se) is designed to match with a non‐fullerene acceptor (SdiPBI‐S). The corresponding solar cells show a high efficiency of 8.22%, which result from synergetic improvements of light harvesting, charge carrier transport and collection, and morphology. The results indicate that rational design of novel donor materials is important for non‐fullerene organic solar cells.

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“…Recently, a top-down graphene-to-fullerene conversion is even shown to be possible under particular conditions 13 . To exploit the unique mechanical and electrical properties of nanostructured carbon materials such as fullerenes, nanotubes and graphene for use in envisioned paradigm-shifting applications [14][15][16][17][18][19] , precise control over their formation must be achieved. Such control will only be forthcoming with the revelation of the primary chemical processes that govern their formation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Closed network growth of fullerenes

et al. 2012

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Tremendous advances in nanoscience have been made since the discovery of the fullerenes; however, the formation of these carbon-caged nanomaterials still remains a mystery. Here we reveal that fullerenes self-assemble through a closed network growth mechanism by incorporation of atomic carbon and C 2 . The growth processes have been elucidated through experiments that probe direct growth of fullerenes upon exposure to carbon vapour, analysed by state-of-the-art Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. our results shed new light on the fundamental processes that govern self-assembly of carbon networks, and the processes that we reveal in this study of fullerene growth are likely be involved in the formation of other carbon nanostructures from carbon vapour, such as nanotubes and graphene. Further, the results should be of importance for illuminating astrophysical processes near carbon stars or supernovae that result in C 60 formation throughout the universe.

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Endohedral fullerenes for organic photovoltaic devices

Cited by 598 publications

References 21 publications

Influence of blend microstructure on bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic performance

Influence of blend microstructure on bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic performance

High‐Performance Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells Based on a Selenium‐Containing Polymer Donor and a Twisted Perylene Bisimide Acceptor

Closed network growth of fullerenes

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