Endocrine alteration in juvenile cod and turbot exposed to dispersed crude oil and alkylphenols

Stress Biomarkers in Juvenile Senegal Sole, Solea senegalensis, Exposed to the Water-Accommodated Fraction of the “Prestige” Fuel Oil

“…The lack of effect on stress markers in our short term study contrasts with observations in juvenile fish species of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) (Sturve et al 2006) and, Atlantic cod and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) exposed to waterborne North Sea oil (Martin-Skilton et al 2006). Composition of both oils (North Sea oil-NSO-and Prestige crude) is rather similar as they are both rich in two ringed PAHs (89% and 91%, respectively) with 5-6 ringed PAHs being almost undetected in the former and representing only 1.5% of the total PAHs in the 1:500 dilution of the WAF used in our study.…”

“…One is that levels of PAHs reached in our study were much lower than those attained in the former studies. That is, the maximum concentration of PAHs in our study, at the 1:5,000 dilution was of 19.3 lg/L (ppb) which contrasts with the 0.52 mg/L (ppm) of dissolved PAHs (representing the sum of the same 16 individual PAHs) in the water from the NSO study (Martin-Skilton et al 2006). In fact, the same 0.52 mg/L of the NSO report were responsible for increased EROD activity, CYP1A levels and catalase, although no effect was seen in GR, GST or LP levels (Sturve et al 2006).…”

“…Nevertheless, we can not exclude the possibility that long-term chronic exposures to low levels of the crude oil can induce toxicity and compromise sole reproductive status as has been pointed out in other benthic fish species (Monteiro et al 2000;Martin-Skilton et al 2006;Sturve et al 2006;Martínez-Gómez et al 2006).…”

An evaluation of the endocrine disruptive potential of crude oil water accommodated fractions and crude oil contaminated surface water to freshwater organisms using in vitro and in vivo approaches

“…Other studies, in which fish were exposed to crude oil or associated compounds, have similarly observed no changes in biomarkers representing the male hormone system, as was the case for X. laevis in the present study. In particular, North Sea crude oil had no significant effect on plasma testosterone levels in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua , although, as mentioned earlier, plasma testosterone was significantly decreased in S. maximus in the same investigation . In addition, expression of ar was unchanged in male fathead minnows exposed to oil sands process–affected water but significantly down‐regulated in female livers .…”

Transcriptional and post-transcriptional response of drug-metabolizing enzymes to PAHs contamination in red mullet (Mullus barbatus, Linnaeus, 1758): A field study

“…PAHs in the water column and sediments cause a series of harmful effects in vertebrates and invertebrates, including genetic damage, immune and endocrine disfunction, malformations, fibrosis and cancer (Aas et al, 2000). These effects determine a decrease in the survival capacity of resident species and thus a reduction in biodiversity (Shailaja and D'Silva, 2003;Martin-Skilton et al, 2006a;Venturini et al, 2008). Information about PAH bioavailability and the biological responses of organisms, such as mechanisms of cell response, are therefore essential to assess how dangerous these contaminants are in the environment and devise adequate strategies of environmental protection.…”