Enceladus' hot springs

Tobie, G.

doi:10.1038/519162a

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Dust detectors have played an important role in spacecraft payloads since at least the Pioneer 8 mission, probing in situ not only mineral dust but also ice grains . Later ‘active’ detectors produce information about the grains' compositions and, therefore, provide insights into the compositions of the sources from which the grains were emitted . Ice grains striking a detector's target plate, at speeds above approximately 1 km/s, form impact clouds containing ions and electrons, together with neutral atoms, molecules and macroscopic fragments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analogue spectra for impact ionization mass spectra of water ice grains obtained at different impact speeds in space

Klenner

Postberg

Hillier

et al. 2019

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale:Detecting ice grains with impact ionization mass spectrometers in space provides information about the compositions of ice grains and their sources.Depending on the impact speeds of the ice grains onto the metal target of a mass spectrometer, ionization conditions can vary substantially, resulting in changes to the appearance of the resulting mass spectra. Methods:Here we accurately reproduce mass spectra of water ice grains, recorded with the Cosmic Dust Analyzer (CDA) on board the Cassini spacecraft at typical impact speeds ranging between 4 km/s to 21 km/s, with a laboratory analogue experiment. In this Laser-Induced Liquid Beam Ion Desorption (LILBID) approach, a μm-sized liquid water beam is irradiated with a pulsed infrared laser, desorbing charged analyte and solvent aggregates and isolated ions, which are subsequently analyzed in a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. Results:We show that our analogue experiment can reproduce impact ionization mass spectra of ice grains obtained over a wide range of impact speeds, aiding the quantitative analyses of mass spectra from space. Conclusions:Spectra libraries created with the LILBID experiment will be a vital tool for inferring the composition of ice grains from mass spectra recorded by both past and future impact ionization mass spectrometers (e.g. the SUrface Dust Analyzer (SUDA) onboard NASA's Europa Clipper Mission or detectors on a future Enceladus Mission).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analogue spectra for impact ionization mass spectra of water ice grains obtained at different impact speeds in space

Klenner

Postberg

Hillier

et al. 2019

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…They not only gave the first solid evidence for the existence of a subsurface ocean (Postberg et al 2009) but further constrained properties like temperature, salinity, and pH (Postberg et al 2009(Postberg et al , 2011bGlein et al 2015;. Ultimately, these instrument inferred the presence of hydrothermal activity and could even specify similarities to the serpentenizing, alkaline hydrothermal vents on Earth, like Lost City Tobie 2015;Waite et al 2017;Glein et al 2018) or the Von Damm hydrothermal field (Waite et al 2017;Glein et al 2018;McDermott et al 2015).…”

Section: Plume-capturingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Key Technologies and Instrumentation for Subsurface Exploration of Ocean Worlds

Dachwald

Ulamec

Postberg³

et al. 2020

Space Sci Rev

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In this chapter, the key technologies and the instrumentation required for the subsurface exploration of ocean worlds are discussed. The focus is laid on Jupiter's moon Europa and Saturn's moon Enceladus because they have the highest potential for such missions in the near future. The exploration of their oceans requires landing on the surface, penetrating the thick ice shell with an ice-penetrating probe, and probably diving with an underwater vehicle through dozens of kilometers of water to the ocean floor, to have the chance to find

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