Enantioselective separation of the novel antidepressant mirtazapine and its main metabolites by CEC

Self Cite

Second-generation antidepressant drugs are increasingly prescribed world-wide by psychiatrists and primary care physicians. Generally speaking, they seem to be safer than traditional tricyclic antidepressant drugs, especially in overdose. However, most of them possess stereogenic centers, thus they can exist as enantiomeric couples. Since enantiomers can have even dramatically different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, the study of antidepressant chirality is of great importance. In fact, the application of enantioselective analytical techniques can be useful both for the quality control of enantiomerically pure formulations and for the pharmacovigilance and therapeutic monitoring of patients undergoing treatment with these drugs. The high efficiency and inexpensiveness of electrodriven methods makes them a very attractive alternative to the usual chromatographic methods. This review is an update (2004-2007) of a previously published paper on recent electrodriven methods for the enantioseparation of second-generation antidepressants. In particular, the focus has been put on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as citalopram and sertraline, noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants, such as mirtazapine and tetracyclic antidepressants such as mianserin, as well as on multianalyte methods.

“…On the other hand, only two methods use a very different selector with a glycopeptidic structure, i.e. vancomycin [45,50]. This is in accordance with what can be observed in HPLC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Nassasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodriven methods for the enantioseparation of second‐generation antidepressant drugs: An update

Mandrioli

Raggi

2007

Self Cite

“…Other examples of the CEC application are illustrated on biological samples. For example, CEC based on vancomycin CSP offered effective solution not only for the enantioseparation of mirtazapine and its metabolites (8-hydroxymirtazapine and N-desmethylmirtazapine) in urine samples (pretreated by off-line SPE) but also for their reliable UV absorbance detection [89].…”

Section: Cecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced CE for chiral analysis of drugs, metabolites, and biomarkers in biological samples

Mikuš

Maráková

2009

An analysis of recent trends indicates that CE can show real advantages over chromatographic methods in ultratrace enantioselective determination of biologically active compounds in complex biological matrices. It is due to high separation efficiency and many applicable in-capillary electromigration effects in CE (countercurrent migration, stacking effects) enhancing significantly (enantio)separability and enabling effective sample preparation (preconcentration, purification, analyte derivatization). Other possible on-line combinations of CE, such as column coupled CE-CE techniques and implementation of nonelectrophoretic techniques (extraction, membrane filtration, flow injection) into CE, offer additional approaches for highly effective sample preparation and separation. CE matured to a highly flexible and compatible technique enabling its hyphenation with powerful detection systems allowing extremely sensitive detection (e.g. LIF) and/or structural characterization of analytes (e.g. MS). Within the last decade, more as well as less conventional analytical on-line approaches have been effectively utilized in this field and their practical potentialities are demonstrated on many new application examples in this article. Here, three basic areas of (enantioselective) drug bioanalysis are highlighted and supported by a brief theoretical description of each individual approach in a compact review structure (to create integrated view on the topic), including (i) progressive enantioseparation approaches and new enantioselective agents, (ii) in-capillary sample preparation (preconcentration, purification, derivatization), and (iii) detection possibilities related to enhanced sensitivity and structural characterization.

“…A vancomycin-based CSP was used by Aturki et al [31] to develop a separation method to determine simultaneously mirtazapine and two of its main metabolites. A mixture of the CSP with bare silica particles could resolve all six enantiomers, but not within one run.…”

Section: Macrocyclic Antibiotic Selectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantioselective capillary electrochromatography: Recent developments and new trends

Mangelings

Heyden

2011

Since its development in the early 1970s, CEC has been studied quite extensively, but unfortunately its use is still mostly located at an academic level. Reasons for this are the limited availability of commercially available stationary phases (SPs) and columns, along with some practical limitations, such as column fragility, lack of column robustness and reproducibility. Nevertheless, CEC maintains a place among the separation techniques, probably because of its unique feature to combine two separation principles. Also in the field of chiral separations, CEC is often used as a separation technique and already showed its potential for this kind of analyses. This overview will focus on the recent applications, i.e. between 2006 and 2010, in enantioselective analysis by means of CEC. For the selected applications, the used SPs (chiral selectors) and their potential for future method development or screening purposes will be evaluated and critically discussed.