Enantiomeric Separation of 13 New Amphetamine‐Like Designer Drugs by Capillary Electrophoresis, Using Modified‐‐Cyclodextrins

Abstract

An easy-to-prepare chiral CE method for the enantiomeric separation of 13 new amphetamine-like designer drugs, using CDs as chiral selectors, was developed. Sulfated-β-CD was found to be the best chiral selector among the three used (sulfated-β-CD, caroboxymethyl-β-CD, dimethyl-β-CD). The separation of the analytes was achieved in a fused-silica gel capillary at 20 °C using an applied voltage of +25 kV. The optimized background electrolyte consisted of 63.5 mM H3 PO4 and 46.9 mM NaOH in water. Several electrophoretic parameters such as CD type, CD concentration (1 - 40 mg/mL), buffer pH (2.6, 3.6, 5.0, 6.0), length of the capillary (70 - 40 cm total length), amount of the organic solvent (methanol and acetonitrile) were investigated and optimized.

Chiral Separation of Cathinone and Amphetamine Derivatives by HPLC/UV Using Sulfated ß‐Cyclodextrin as Chiral Mobile Phase Additive

“…In the literature, there are some articles dealing with the determination and chiral separation of cathinone, amphetamine, and related substances by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and gas chromatography (GC) …”

“…In the literature, there are some articles dealing with the determination and chiral separation of cathinone, amphetamine, and related substances by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 5-8 capillary electrophoresis (CE), [9][10][11][12] and gas chromatography (GC). [13][14][15] Nhujak's group reported on the chiral separation by CE using a dual cyclodextrin system consisting of ß-cyclodextrin and dimethyl-ß-cyclodextrin; the improved enantioseparation of amphetamine and drug enantiomers could be achieved with a single chiral selector.…”

Application of cyclodextrins in chiral capillary electrophoresis

“…Sulfated ␤-CD Amlodipine [241], Betti bases [300], borreverine [259], bupivacaine [178], 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone [283], cetirizine [91,301], citalopram [97], hydroxyflavanones [324], fluoxetine [302], helquats [293,303], 4,5-disubstituted imidazoles [304], lorazepam [108,162], 3-hydroxymexiletine [305], modafinil [134,306], nicotine and its related compounds [307], nicotine butyric acid [90], ofloxacin and ornidazole [132], 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine [238,[308][309][310], phenylalanine [308], isoprenaline [92], rotigotine and related chiral impurities [252], thioridazine [311], tolterodine and methoxytolterodine [89], tryptophan [312], tyrosine [238,308], benzoxazolinonic aminoalcohols [294], 13 new amphetamine-like designer drugs [313], 12 basic analytes [314], 19 cathinone derivatives [315], impurity of clopidogrel [316], four antimalarial drugs [280], four basic drugs [295], five basic drugs [296], six basic drugs…”

A Simple HPLC–UV Approach for Rapid Enantioseparation of Cathinones, Pyrovalerones and Other Novel Psychoactive Substances on a 2.5-µm Cellulose Tris-(3,5-dimethylphenyl-carbamate) Column

“…To date, enantioseparations of NPS have been shown via different chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. Gas chromatography (GC) [11][12][13][14][15][16], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [17][18][19][20][21][22][23], supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) [24][25][26], and capillary electrophoresis (CE) or capillary electrochromatography (CEC) [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] are meanwhile common techniques to identify NPS as powder samples as well as in biological matrices.…”