CE represents a very powerful separation tool in the area of chiral separations. CD-mediated chiral CE is a continuously flourishing technique within the frame of the electromigration methods. In this review, a brief overview of the synthetic procedures leading to modified CDs is provided first. Next, selected aspects related to the utilization of CDs in chiral CE are discussed specifically in the view of recently published data. Advantages of CDs and basic principles of chiral CE are remained. The topic of the determination of binding constants is touched. Particular attention is paid to the effort aiming at better understanding of the molecular level of the enantiorecognition between CDs and the analyte in the solution. Powerful approaches extensively utilized in this field are NMR, molecular modeling, and computer simulations. Then, a summary of applications of CDs in the CE enantioseparations is given, covering years 2008-2013. Finally, the general trend of modified CDs use in separation science is statistically evaluated.

The review article is devoted mainly to the description of applications of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in separation sciences, especially in electromigration and chromatographic techniques. The applications of GNPs in particular separation methods, CE, microchip CE, MEKC, CEC, HPLC and GC, are classified according to the molecular size of the analytes from low-molecular-mass compounds via medium sized substances to biopolymers (proteins and nucleic acids). A very recent and promising utilization of GNPs for sample preparation, preconcentration and preseparation of selected analytes from complex matrices is presented as well. Moreover, in two introductory sections, typical preparation procedures of the GNPs and their modifications are presented and physicochemical and analytical methods employed for characterization of the native and modified GNPs are briefly introduced.

Mixed‐mode phases have become very popular in the last decade, and the number of new mixed/multi‐mode sorbents is growing fast. Unlike single‐mode stationary phases, perfectly suited for the separation of the analytes possessing similar physicochemical properties, for instance reversed‐phase chromatography for hydrophobic solutes, mixed‐mode sorbents providing multimodal interactions can render better separation selectivity for complex mixtures of solutes differing significantly in their physicochemical characteristics. The most frequent modern mixed‐mode stationary phases are di/tri‐mode sorbents embracing the following interactions, hydrophobic, electrostatic (coulombic), and hydrophilic. According to their structures, it is possible to distinguish silica‐based, polymer‐based, hybrid, and monolithic mixed‐mode stationary phases. Herewith, newly synthesized mixed‐mode sorbents developed within the last two and half years are categorized, discussed, and summarized. The main attention is devoted to the description of the synthetic routes and characterization methods applied for the new stationary phases.

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Two porphyrin-brucine quaternary ammonium salts were immobilized on gold nanoparticles and their suitability for both in vitro and in vivo photodynamic therapy (PDT) was assayed using the basaloid squamous cell carcinoma PE/CA-PJ34 cell line. In vitro PDT experiments revealed that the gold nanoparticle-bound conjugates were less effective than unbound conjugates in killing cells. However, the same conjugates were more effective in reducing tumor size in vivo, with complete tumor regression observed.