Abstract:Using the two self-etching no-mix adhesives (Prompt L-Pop™ and Scotchbond™) for orthodontic appliances does not affect either the SBS or ARI scores in comparison with the commonly used total-etch system Transbond™ XT. In addition, Scotchbond™ Universal supports bonding on all types of surfaces (enamel, metal, composite, and porcelain) with no need for additional primers. It might therefore be helpful for simplifying bonding in orthodontic procedures.
“…Some previous studies have reported a higher shear bond strength when the laser was used in the manufacture process of the bracket base. 6,[18][19][20] On the other hand, it also has been shown no significant difference 21 or even lower SBS between laser structured bracket base and another type of bracket base. 6 The inconsistencies in the literature are mainly due to study designs (i.e.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…High bond strength values are potentially dangerous to enamel and they could cause enamel fracture during debonding. 1,3,7,11,19,20 Although shear bond strength test differs from tensile bond strength, the literature has referenced the potential enamel damage to tensile bond strength as low as 9.7 MPa. 11,26,27 However, authors agree that the values of the SBS obtained in vitro are above the acceptable values in vivo and could carry an increased risk of enamel fracture.…”
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Yd:YAG laser irradiation on orthodontic bracket base surface. Shear bond strength (SBS) values and sites of the bonding failure interfaces were quantified. Methods: Brackets were divided into two groups: OP (One Piece - integral sandblast base) and OPL (One Piece - laser irradiation). The brackets were randomly bonded on an intact enamel surface of 40 bovine incisors. The SBS tests were carry out using a universal test machine. A stereomicroscopy was used to evaluate the adhesive remnant index (ARI), and surface characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Student’s t-test was used to compare the SBS between the two groups (p< 0.05). Frequencies and chi-square analysis were applied to evaluate the ARI scores. Results: OPL group showed higher value (p< 0.001) of SBS than OP group (43.95 MPa and 34.81 MPa, respectively). ARI showed significant difference (p< 0.001) between OPL group (ARI 0 = 100%) and OP group (ARI 0 = 15%). SEM showed a higher affinity between the adhesive and the irradiated laser base surface. Conclusions: Yd:YAG laser irradiation on bracket base increased SBS values, showing that bonding failure occurs at the enamel/adhesive interface. Laser-etched bracket base may be used instead of conventional bases in cases where higher adhesion is required, reducing bracket-bonding failure.
“…Some previous studies have reported a higher shear bond strength when the laser was used in the manufacture process of the bracket base. 6,[18][19][20] On the other hand, it also has been shown no significant difference 21 or even lower SBS between laser structured bracket base and another type of bracket base. 6 The inconsistencies in the literature are mainly due to study designs (i.e.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…High bond strength values are potentially dangerous to enamel and they could cause enamel fracture during debonding. 1,3,7,11,19,20 Although shear bond strength test differs from tensile bond strength, the literature has referenced the potential enamel damage to tensile bond strength as low as 9.7 MPa. 11,26,27 However, authors agree that the values of the SBS obtained in vitro are above the acceptable values in vivo and could carry an increased risk of enamel fracture.…”
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Yd:YAG laser irradiation on orthodontic bracket base surface. Shear bond strength (SBS) values and sites of the bonding failure interfaces were quantified. Methods: Brackets were divided into two groups: OP (One Piece - integral sandblast base) and OPL (One Piece - laser irradiation). The brackets were randomly bonded on an intact enamel surface of 40 bovine incisors. The SBS tests were carry out using a universal test machine. A stereomicroscopy was used to evaluate the adhesive remnant index (ARI), and surface characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Student’s t-test was used to compare the SBS between the two groups (p< 0.05). Frequencies and chi-square analysis were applied to evaluate the ARI scores. Results: OPL group showed higher value (p< 0.001) of SBS than OP group (43.95 MPa and 34.81 MPa, respectively). ARI showed significant difference (p< 0.001) between OPL group (ARI 0 = 100%) and OP group (ARI 0 = 15%). SEM showed a higher affinity between the adhesive and the irradiated laser base surface. Conclusions: Yd:YAG laser irradiation on bracket base increased SBS values, showing that bonding failure occurs at the enamel/adhesive interface. Laser-etched bracket base may be used instead of conventional bases in cases where higher adhesion is required, reducing bracket-bonding failure.
“…In the presented experiment, the Transbond XT was used in both test groups. It has been used in many studies, [18][19][20][21] so the results can be comparable. The bonding material Transbond SEP Plus has also been proven to be one of the best bonds used in orthodontics.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The Transbond products are one of the few (next to the Clearfil SE) materials that show an acceptable stress behavior under the thermocycling conditions, which can mimic the in vivo conditions. 20 Also, the risk of debonding-induced enamel defects is related to the bracket system used. 22 Therefore, only 1 bracket system has been used which was also used in earlier studies to get comparable results.…”
Background. Adhesive materials used in orthodontics have contributed to the broadening of treatment options with fixed braces. The adhesive materials physically and chemically bond to the enamel surface and orthodontic bracket base, which, apart from offering advantages, also entails the risk of enamel damage when removing these materials from the tissue surface after the treatment is complete. Objectives. The objective of this study was to assess how the bond strength of adhesive materials affects enamel thickness after removing brackets and whether the type of bonding system affects the amount of adhesive strength of the discussed materials. Material and methods. The tests were carried out on 2 groups of 40 bovine teeth in each group. In the 1 st group, the classical orthophosphoric acid and the Transbond Plus self-etching primer (SEP) were used. In the 2 nd group, the Transbond XT SEP was applied. In both groups, Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive was used. The same metal orthodontic brackets were attached to the enamel surface. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scans were made before and after removing brackets, which enabled tissue thickness measurements. The bond strength was evaluated using a universal testing machine. Parametric tests were performed on all obtained variables. Student's t-tests for independent samples and analysis of correlation with Pearson's r were carried out. Results. The bond strength between the orthodontic bracket and enamel is statistically significantly different in the 1 st group and the 2 nd group, and is higher in the 2 nd group. Conclusions. There are no significant differences in enamel thickness depending on the bonding system type and there is no correlation between the enamel thickness and the bond strength of orthodontic brackets to the enamel.
“…Nowadays direct bonding in orthodontic clinics is considered a regular technique. Many attempts to improve the performance of such procedures and reduce the technique sensitivity have been done including the utilization of self-etch primers, [1][2][3][4] one-step adhesives, 5 and different polymerization mode (chemical and light). [6][7][8] Several factors can potentially influence the bond strength between orthodontic brackets and enamel surface such as type of the adhesive system, composition and application time of the etchant, bracket's type and its base style.…”
Purpose: To estimate the effect of prolonged continuous force on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded with different adhesive systems. Materials and Methods: Eighty premolars were randomly divided into four groups (I, II, III and IV) according to the bonding adhesive used. Orthodontic metal brackets were bonded with one of the succeeding adhesives; Rely-a-bond, Transbond XT primer and adhesive, Transbond Plus self-etch primer (SEP) and Transbond XT adhesive and Smart Bond. Half of the brackets were subjected to 150 g of force for 12 months. All the specimens were thermocycled 1000 times between 5° C and 55° C. A Universal Testing Machine was used to measure SBS. Results: Transbond XT primer and adhesive exhibited the highest significant SBS value (12.8Mpa). Smart bond showed the lowest value (7.7Mpa). Rely-a-bond and Transbond Plus SEP adhesive systems had middle values (8.8 and 7.8Mpa). There was a significant decrease in the SBS of all studied adhesives (P<0.05) accompanied force application (P <0.05). Smart Bond showed the higher reduction in SBS while Transbond XT primer + Transbond XT adhesive revealed the lesser reduction. Conclusion: Application of 150 gram of force for 12 months produced a pronounced negative effect on SBS especially with either SEP or Smart Bond.
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