Enabling emergent behavior in systems-of-systems through bigraph-based modeling

Wachholder, Dominik; Stary, Chris

doi:10.1109/sysose.2015.7151954

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This SoS involves the National Center for Natural Disaster Monitoring, which monitors 1000 cities, with 4700 sensors, including 300 hydrological sensors, and 4400 rain gauges. There are 5000 mobile ground stations to monitor land slopes, and data from other agencies are also used, such as the National Water Agency (ANA 12 ), Mineral Resources Research Company (CPRM 13 ) sensors, and Aeronautical radars, according to the SENDAI International Protocol for Natural Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030), such as droughts, landslides and floods, in the case of the Brazilian reality. We will use a subset of this Flood Monitoring and Emergency Response SoS, which is itself an SoS, i.e., the Urban River Monitoring System, henceforth, FMSoS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Stimuli-SoS: a model-based approach to derive stimuli generators for simulations of systems-of-systems software architectures

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Systems-of-systems (SoS) are alliances of independent and interoperable software-intensive systems. SoS often support critical domains, being required to exhibit a reliable operation, specially because people's safety relies on their services. In this direction, simulations enable the validation of different operational scenarios in a controlled environment, allowing a benchmarking of its response as well as revealing possible breaches that could lead to failures. However, simulations are traditionally manual, demanding a high level of human intervention, being costly and error-prone. A stimuli generator could aid in by continuously providing data to trigger a SoS simulation and maintaining its operation. Methods: We established a model-based approach termed Stimuli-SoS to support the creation of stimuli generators to be used in SoS simulations. Stimuli-SoS uses software architecture descriptions for automating the creation of such generators. Specifically, this approach transforms SoSADL, a formal architectural description language for SoS, into dynamic models expressed in DEVS, a simulation formalism. We carried out a case study in which Stimuli-SoS was used to automatically produce stimuli generators for a simulation of a flood monitoring SoS. Results:We run simulations of a SoS architectural configuration with 69 constituent systems, i.e., 42 sensors, 9 crowdsourcing systems, and 18 drones. Stimuli generators were automatically generated for each type of constituent. These stimuli generators were capable of receiving the input data from the database and generating the expected stimuli for the constituents, allowing to simulate constituent systems interoperations into the flood monitoring SoS. Using Stimuli-SoS, we simulated 38 days of flood monitoring in little more than 6 h. Stimuli generators correctly forwarded data to the simulation, which was able to reproduce 29 flood alerts triggered by the SoS during a flooding event. In particular, Stimuli-SoS is almost 65 times more productive than a manual approach to producing data for the same type of simulation. Conclusions: Our approach succeeded in automatically deriving a functional stimuli generator that can reproduce environmental conditions for simulating a SoS. In particular, we presented new contributions regarding productivity and automation for the use of a model-based approach in SoS engineering.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They consist of a recurrent approach in SoS Engineering to anticipate failures early in SoS life cycle. Simulations externalize how the whole SoS behaves at runtime [13][14][15][16]. To be reliable, a simulation must faithfully reproduce the conditions under which a SoS operates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimuli-SoS: a model-based approach to derive stimuli generators for simulations of systems-of-systems software architectures

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hodges, Garcia, and Ray present the semantic aspects interoperability as they discuss how the Web Ontology Language (OWL) standards could improve the performance of systems within an ecosystem . Within system of systems engineering, interoperability is a key factor in emergent behavior as it enables systems within the system of systems to exchange information and operate together . Despite the range and interests of these modeling efforts, they focus on the ability of systems to exchange information and data.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 Within system of systems engineering, interoperability is a key factor in emergent behavior as it enables systems within the system of systems to exchange information and operate together. 29 Despite the range and interests of these mod- and fourteen different measurement models. 30 Twenty-three of the 34 definitions specifically focused on information flows and the remainder broadly focused on the ability to operate with other systems.…”

Section: Interoperabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the importance of expanding the definition of interoperability through social network analysis

Enos

Nilchiani

2019

Systems Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Over the past decade, the Department of Defense (DoD) developed an emergent network of systems that operate together on the battlefield to provide value to the DoD. Advances in systems engineering have enabled the DoD to develop better, more integrated, and more complex systems in this time frame. One of the emerging topics in systems engineering is the importance of nonfunctional attributes captured in the ilities of a system. One of these ilities, interoperability, captures the ability of a system to operate with other systems as DoD systems do on the battlefield. This article applies social network analysis tools and methods to understand the effect of expanding the definition of interoperability beyond information flows to include shared resources and physical connections. Social network analysis metrics, such as density and average degree, quantify the effect of expanding interoperability to capture other aspects of interoperability. By capturing these additional aspects of interoperability, the number of connections in the DoD network of systems increases by nearly a factor of four. Thus, if the ility of interoperability narrowly focuses on information flows, then systems engineers could potentially miss a large number of important connections in a network of systems.

show abstract

“…Wachholder and Stary present an initial attempt for modeling emergent behavior in SoSs. The proposed approach is based on Bigraphs and focuses on the modeling of both the structure and structural dynamics of an SoS.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecting exogenous software‐intensive systems‐of‐systems on the internet‐of‐vehicles with SosADL

Oquendo

2019

Systems Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The pervasiveness of the communication networks increasingly has made possible to interconnect software‐intensive systems that were independently developed, operated, managed, and evolved, yielding a new kind of complex system, that is, a system that is itself composed of systems, the so‐called System‐of‐Systems (SoS). Nowadays, the Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) enables the engineering of software‐intensive SoS, which are opportunistically constructed for achieving specified missions in specific operational environments. In particular, in the subset of IoT where “things” are predominantly connected vehicles, the so‐called Internet‐of‐Vehicles (IoV), the challenge is to exogenously coordinate different vehicles for performing together, through emergent behavior, traffic‐related missions, especially platooning. In platooning, two or more vehicles are connected together in convoy using wireless connectivity and automated driving support. The corresponding challenge in the architectural design of SoSs on IoV is to conceive concepts and mechanisms for describing how an SoS architecture is able to create, on the fly, and maintain emergent behaviors from elementary connected vehicles, where the actual vehicles are not known at design time. To address this challenge, this paper investigates the principle of supervenience for describing architecture‐driven emergent behavior following an exogenous approach. In particular, it describes the concepts and mechanisms underlying SosADL, a formal SoS Architecture Description Language (ADL), based on the novel π‐Calculus for SoS, to support the architectural description of self‐organizing SoSs, upwardly causing the required SoS emergent behaviors at run time. Especially, it demonstrates how architectural mediators expressed with SosADL in exogenous SoS architectures support vehicle platooning through an excerpt of a real application on the IoV.

show abstract

Enabling emergent behavior in systems-of-systems through bigraph-based modeling

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Stimuli-SoS: a model-based approach to derive stimuli generators for simulations of systems-of-systems software architectures

Stimuli-SoS: a model-based approach to derive stimuli generators for simulations of systems-of-systems software architectures

Understanding the importance of expanding the definition of interoperability through social network analysis

Architecting exogenous software‐intensive systems‐of‐systems on the internet‐of‐vehicles with SosADL

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About