Architecting exogenous software‐intensive systems‐of‐systems on the internet‐of‐vehicles with SosADL

Abstract

The pervasiveness of the communication networks increasingly has made possible to interconnect software‐intensive systems that were independently developed, operated, managed, and evolved, yielding a new kind of complex system, that is, a system that is itself composed of systems, the so‐called System‐of‐Systems (SoS). Nowadays, the Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) enables the engineering of software‐intensive SoS, which are opportunistically constructed for achieving specified missions in specific operational environments. In particular, in the subset of IoT where “things” are predominantly connected vehicles, the so‐called Internet‐of‐Vehicles (IoV), the challenge is to exogenously coordinate different vehicles for performing together, through emergent behavior, traffic‐related missions, especially platooning. In platooning, two or more vehicles are connected together in convoy using wireless connectivity and automated driving support. The corresponding challenge in the architectural design of SoSs on IoV is to conceive concepts and mechanisms for describing how an SoS architecture is able to create, on the fly, and maintain emergent behaviors from elementary connected vehicles, where the actual vehicles are not known at design time. To address this challenge, this paper investigates the principle of supervenience for describing architecture‐driven emergent behavior following an exogenous approach. In particular, it describes the concepts and mechanisms underlying SosADL, a formal SoS Architecture Description Language (ADL), based on the novel π‐Calculus for SoS, to support the architectural description of self‐organizing SoSs, upwardly causing the required SoS emergent behaviors at run time. Especially, it demonstrates how architectural mediators expressed with SosADL in exogenous SoS architectures support vehicle platooning through an excerpt of a real application on the IoV.

Designing Emergence in Systems of Systems Using Information Streams

“…Work has been conducted to show how to design weak emergent properties into system architecture, as in the previous section using a bottom-up approach (Bemthuis et al, 2020;Kerr et al, 2020). Other research investigated how an architecture could promote positive emergence using information flow or system constraints (Johnson et al, 2013;Oquendo, 2019;Zeigler, 2016).…”

A Design of the Resilient Enterprise: A Reference Architecture for Emergent Behaviors Control

“…The results of both scoring criteria were merged and all papers with an aggregated score of at least 6 were included in the literature list. Complementing this list with our previous two articles [ 19 , 20 ] and four manually added papers [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ], resulted into a total of 46 papers [ 19 , 20 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 ,…”

“…Nevertheless, a total of 26 ( ) papers concerned either an ongoing study or a complete study, which implies that there is some mature basis from whereon we can build further. Furthermore, it is interesting that several papers [ 19 , 20 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 86 , 93 , 95 , 96 ] use agent-based modeling techniques to support their work.…”

Techno‐Social Contracts for Security Orchestration in the Future of Systems Engineering

“…For another example, platooning of autonomous ground vehicles (Oquendo 2019) is shown effectively accomplished with three simple encoded social behavior rules: separation (don't get too close), cohesion (stay close enough to remain a neighboring group), and alignment (go generally in the same direction). In this example there is no designated platoon leader, a vehicle sensing proximity of another vehicle activates the rules.…”