Surfactants 2000
DOI: 10.1017/cbo9780511524844.004
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Emulsions and Foams in the Petroleum Industry

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Cited by 48 publications
(56 citation statements)
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“…The viscosity of the emulsion is proportional to the viscosity of the continuous phase µ c . However, the emulsion viscosity depends upon several other factors, which include the volume fraction of the dispersed phase ( d ), the droplets size (d) and viscosity (µ d ), the shear rate (γ), temperature (T ), the emulsifying agent used and its concentration (e.g Sherman, 1968, Schramm, 1992. At low to moderate holdup of the dispersed phase, emulsions generally exhibit Newtonian behavior.…”
Section: Viscosity Of Emulsionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The viscosity of the emulsion is proportional to the viscosity of the continuous phase µ c . However, the emulsion viscosity depends upon several other factors, which include the volume fraction of the dispersed phase ( d ), the droplets size (d) and viscosity (µ d ), the shear rate (γ), temperature (T ), the emulsifying agent used and its concentration (e.g Sherman, 1968, Schramm, 1992. At low to moderate holdup of the dispersed phase, emulsions generally exhibit Newtonian behavior.…”
Section: Viscosity Of Emulsionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…During operations of crude oil production, water-in-oil emulsions are naturally produced due to the presence of water in the reservoir, high stirring zones in production facilities and amphiphilic indigenous species in crude oil, like asphaltenes and resins [1][2][3], but also to organic or inorganic small solids like waxes and sand [4][5][6]. In spite of the fact that these systems are thermodynamically unstable, they may be very resistant against coalescence, mainly due to their interface characteristics.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Já a inversão catastrófica é produzida pelo aumento da fração de volume da fase dispersa, até que este exceda um valor específico, determinado pelo máximo empacotamento possível de gotículas monodispersas, também chamado de limite crítico de empacotamento (BERRYMAN, 1983;SCHRAMM, 1992).…”
Section: Objetivos Específicosunclassified
“…Para valores de concentração da fase dispersa entre baixos a moderados, teores até 40% de óleo em água, as emulsões apresentam comportamento newtoniano geralmente e exibem um comportamento não newtoniano quando têm maior teor na fase dispersa (SCHRAMM, 1992).…”
Section: Distribuição Do Tamanho De Gota E Reologiaunclassified
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