Emplacement of a Debris Avalanche during the 1883 eruption of Krakatau (Sunda Straits, Indonesia)

Camus, Guy; Diament, M.; Gloaguen, M; Provost, A-S.; Vincent, Pierre

doi:10.1007/bf00177224

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…7 Sediment characteristics 7.1 Tsunami deposits Prehistoric (paleo)tsunamis have been identified from sediment deposits in several studies (Atwater, 1992;Dawson and Shi, 2000;Peters et al, 2007). Sediment deposits can be used to explain and reconstruct significant tsunami events (Dawson et al, 1995;Van Den Bergh et al, 2003).…”

Section: Tsunami Wave Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interpretation of tsunami magnitude, especially runup and inundation based on tsunami deposits, is challenging (Dawson and Shi, 2000). However, the relationship between deposits and run-up or inundation is still not convincing because of the high variability in tsunami deposits in terms of thickness and location.…”

Section: Tsunami Wave Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is famous for the 1883 Krakatau eruption, which caused a 30 m tsunami that led to 36 000 fatalities and affected Earth's climate and weather for several weeks, as reported by Verbeek (1884). The 1883 eruption of Krakatau and the resulting tsunami have been widely discussed (e.g., Yokoyama, 1987;Camus et al, 1992;Maeno and Imamura, 2011;Paris et al, 2014). A young volcano called Anak Krakatau (Child of Krakatau) appeared above sea level in 1929.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Run-up, inundation, and sediment characteristics of the 22 December 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami, Indonesia

Widiyanto

Hsiao

Chen

et al. 2020

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. A tsunami caused by a flank collapse of the southwest part of the Anak Krakatau volcano occurred on 22 December 2018. The tsunami affected the coastal areas located at the edge of the Sunda Strait, Indonesia. To gain an understanding of the tsunami event, field surveys were conducted a month after the incident. The surveys included measurements of run-up height, inundation distance, tsunami direction, and sediment characteristics at 20 selected sites. The survey results revealed that the run-up height reached 9.2 m in Tanjungjaya and an inundation distance of 286.8 m was found at Cagar Alam, part of Ujung Kulon National Park. The tsunami propagated radially from Anak Krakatau and reached the coastal zone with a direction between 25 and 350∘ from the north. Sediment samples were collected at 27 points in tsunami deposits with a sediment thickness of 1.5–12.7 cm. The average distance from the coast of the area with significant sediment deposits and the deposit limit are 45 % and 73 % of the inundation distance, respectively. Sand sheets were sporadic, highly variable, and highly influenced by topography. Grain sizes in the deposit area were finer than those at their sources. The sizes ranged from fine sand to boulders, with medium sand and coarse sand being dominant. All sediment samples had a well-sorted distribution. An assessment of the boulder movements indicates that the tsunami run-up had minimum velocities of 4.0–4.5 m s−1.

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Section: Tsunami Wave Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tsunami Wave Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Run-up, inundation, and sediment characteristics of the 22 December 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami, Indonesia

Widiyanto

Hsiao

Chen

et al. 2020

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…This debris avalanche was triggered when the top of La Fournaise collapsed 0á0042 Ma ago (Le Ânat et al, 1989;, and is likely the most recent debris-avalanche event known around La Fournaise (Labazuy, 1996). This debris-avalanche deposit has the distinctive hummocky topography described both in subaerial and submarine settings (Voight et al, 1981;Francis & Self, 1987;Lipman et al, 1988;Moore et al, 1992;Camus et al, 1992). The debris-avalanche deposit is dominated by very poorly sorted blocks up to 400 m in diameter (Figs 9D, 14 & 15A; Table 1).…”

Section: Debris-avalanche Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gravity processes that dominate the sedimentation on the submarine¯ank of la Fournaise encompass a wide range of mechanisms of various scales, including debris avalanches, turbidity currents, debris¯ows, slides and slumps. Because they are prograding on very steep slopes, the deepwater deltas are very unstable edi®ces subject to Francis & Self (1987), 3 Kokelaar & Romagnoli (1995), 4 Camus et al (1992), 5 Voight et al (1981), 6 Ballance & Gregory (1991). frequent collapses, which in turn initiate turbidity currents, following a wide range of processes described by Nemec (1990b).…”

Section: The Submarine Sedimentary Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep‐sea volcaniclastic sedimentary systems: an example from La Fournaise volcano, Réunion Island, Indian Ocean

et al. 1998

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A volcaniclastic sedimentary fan extending to water depths of 4000 m is characterized using gravity cores, camera surveys, high-resolution sonar images, seismic records and bathymetry from the submarine portion of La Fournaise volcano, Re Âunion Island, a basaltic shield volcano in the SW Indian Ocean. Three main areas are identi®ed from the study: (1) the proximal fan extending from 500 m water depth down to 2000 m water depth; (2) the outer fan extending from 2000 m water depth down to 3600 m water depth; (3) the basin extending beyond 3600 m water depth. Within these three main areas, seven distinct submarine environments are de®ned: the proximal fan is characterized by volcanic basement outcrops, sedimentary slides, deep-water deltas, debris-avalanche deposits, and eroded¯oor in the valley outlets; the outer fan is characterized by a discontinuous ®ne-grained sedimentary cover overlying coarse-grained turbidites or undifferentiated volcanic basement; the basin is characterized by hemipelagic muds and ®ne-grained turbidites interbedded with sandy and gravelly turbidite lobes. The evolution of the deep-sea volcaniclastic fan is strongly in¯uenced by sector collapses, such as the one which occurred 0á0042 Ma ago. This collapse produced a minimum of 6 km 3 of debris-avalanche deposit in the proximal area. The feeding regime of the deep-sea fan is`alluvial dominated' before the occurrence of any sector collapse and`lava-dominated' after the occurrence of a sector collapse. The main deep-water lava-fed delta is prograding among the blocks of the debrisavalanche deposits as a result of turbidity¯ows occurring on the delta slope. These turbidity¯ows are triggered routinely by wave-action, earthquakes and accumulation of new volcanic debris on top of the deltas. Both turbidity currents triggered on the deep-water delta slope, and those triggered by debris avalanche reworked volcaniclastic material as far as 100 km from the shore line. 296 G. Ollier et al.

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Distribution and Geometric Parameters of Volcanic Debris Avalanche Deposits

Dufresne

Siebert

Bernard

2020

Advances in Volcanology

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Emplacement of a Debris Avalanche during the 1883 eruption of Krakatau (Sunda Straits, Indonesia)

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Run-up, inundation, and sediment characteristics of the 22 December 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami, Indonesia

Run-up, inundation, and sediment characteristics of the 22 December 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami, Indonesia

Deep‐sea volcaniclastic sedimentary systems: an example from La Fournaise volcano, Réunion Island, Indian Ocean

Distribution and Geometric Parameters of Volcanic Debris Avalanche Deposits

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