Distribution and Geometric Parameters of Volcanic Debris Avalanche Deposits

Dufresne, Anja; Siebert, Lee; Bernard, Benjamin

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57411-6_4

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Indeed, the resistivity contrasts within this landslide can be related to the original structure of the sliding debris‐avalanche deposit. Large debris‐avalanche deposits are known to contain megaclast‐dominated portions interbedded with matrix‐dominated portions and shear zones and slip surfaces developed at isolated and irregular locations within the flowing mass (e.g., Dufresne et al., 2021; Glicken, 1991; Roverato et al., 2015). In the resistivity profile of the Hell Bourg landslide, we interpret the high resistivity parts as possible megaclast‐dominated portions and low resistivity as matrix‐dominated portions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landslide Processes Involved in Volcano Dismantling From Past to Present: The Remarkable Open‐Air Laboratory of the Cirque de Salazie (Reunion Island)

Rault¹,

Thiéry

Chaput³

et al. 2022

JGR Earth Surface

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Volcanic edifices often exhibit an eventful geological history characterized by constructive and destructive phases (Carracedo et al., 1999;Gayer et al., 2021;Thouret, 1999;Zernack & Procter, 2021). Volcanic terrains are characterized by a combination of specific environmental factors that make them prone to landslides, such as high relief, steep slopes, weathered and fractured materials, alternating layers of lavas and volcaniclastic deposits with different mechanical characteristics, and preferential shear surfaces (Roverato et al., 2015;Scott et al., 2001;Tibaldi et al., 2008). They are also exposed to processes known to trigger failures, such as volcanic activity with hydrothermal circulation, fluid injection, earthquakes (Di Traglia et al., 2018;Roverato et al., 2021;Schaefer et al., 2019) and high precipitation rates, especially in tropical environments.Volcanic edifices are prone to the full spectrum of landslide sizes ranging from giant debris or rock avalanches (RA) of several km 3 to small rockfalls, including:1. Large-scale volcanic landslides (e.g., slumps and debris avalanches [DA]) with various magnitudes and kinematics may occur several times during the evolution of a volcano. These landslides can reach volumes of several km 3 , which can correspond to the destabilization of an entire volcanic flank (Blahůt et al., 2019;

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landslide Processes Involved in Volcano Dismantling From Past to Present: The Remarkable Open‐Air Laboratory of the Cirque de Salazie (Reunion Island)

Rault¹,

Thiéry

Chaput³

et al. 2022

JGR Earth Surface

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“…The Hvannhagi Formation of the FIBG is a rare deep time example of a sector collapse-generated debris flow deposit associated with a low-angle shield (3-5°slope). Many recorded modern and deep time examples are from more steeply sloped stratovolcanoes in continental settings, dissimilar to the Paleogene rifting margin of the northeast Atlantic (Waresback & Turbeville 1990;Smith 1991;Smith & Lowe 1991;Dufresne et al 2021;Zernack 2021). Thick lahar successions in western Vágar were deposited in two main phases, isopach mapping indicating an origin up to >40 km north of the lahar deposits (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic landscape controls on pre-rift to syn-rift volcano sedimentary systems: the Prestfjall Formation eruptive hiatus, Faroe Islands Basalt Group, northeast Atlantic

Jolley

Passey²,

Vosgerau

et al. 2022

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

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The Paleogene lava flows of the Faroe Islands Basalt Group are divided into three relatively thick formations. The oldest, the Beinisvørð Formation is separated from the second lava flow succession, the Malinstindur Formation, by two formations composed primarily of volcaniclastic rocks. The oldest of these, the Prestfjall Formation has been interpreted as a period of eruptive quiescence and linked to changes in mantle melting. It is characterised in the south by the occurrence of coals, while the overlying Hvannhagi Formation is a sequence of primary and remobilised volcaniclastic strata. Field, laboratory, palynology, and photogrammetry studies have been used to investigate variations in facies and architecture within these volcaniclastic formations. The data reveal significantly different depositional systems in the Prestfjall and Hvannhagi formations over the ~40 km from the island of Vágar in the north to the island of Suðuroy in the south. Facies distribution in both the Prestfjall and Hvannhagi formations was found to have been controlled by a complex interaction of regional paleoslope, pre-existing topography, the eruption and local collapse of low-angle shield volcanoes, and minor brittle deformation. Lithological data and photogrammetry have enabled the identification of a > 180 m thick succession of volcaniclastic conglomerates deposited by lahars reworking a low-angle shield sector collapse. Co-occurrence of facies characteristic of the Prestfjall, Hvannhagi and Malinstindur formations indicate that volcanic eruption continued at a lower tempo throughout the Prestfjall Formation interval. Identification of a Beinisvørð Formation low-angle volcano shield northwest of the Faroe Islands alters the previous eruption model for this extensive lava field.

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“…The SGS basal layer at all sites is a matrix-supported, poorly sorted sandstone to conglomerate that contains material derived from frictional wear processes during emplacement; it resembles granular material described beneath large slide masses (Anders et al, 2000;Dufresne et al, 2021;Malone et al, 2014;Mayback et al, 2022;Weidinger et al, 2014;Yarnold & Lombard, 1989). Macroscopically, the texture of basal material does not vary significantly; however, clast and mineral fragment composition changes with position south of the ramp, suggesting changes in the upper and lower plate rock units that are exposed to frictional wear during emplacement.…”

Section: Basal Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Relationships Across the Sevier Gravity Slide of Southwest Utah and Implications for Catastrophic Translation and Emplacement Processes of Long Runout Landslides

Braunagel

Griffith

Biek

et al. 2023

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The physical processes that facilitate long‐distance translation of large‐volume gravity slides remain poorly understood. To better understand these processes and the controls on runout distance, we conducted an outcrop and microstructural characterization of the Sevier gravity slide across the former land surface and summarize findings of four key sites. The Sevier gravity slide is the oldest of three mega‐scale (>1,000 km2) collapse events of the Marysvale volcanic field (Utah, USA). Field observations of intense deformation, clastic dikes, pseudotachylyte, and consistency of kinematic indicators support the interpretation of rapid emplacement during a single event. Furthermore, clastic dikes and characteristics of the slip zone suggest emplacement involved mobilization and pressurized injection of basal material. Across the runout distance, we observe evidence for progressive slip delocalization along the slide base. This manifests as centimeter‐ to decimeter‐thick cataclastic basal zones and abundant clastic dikes in the north and tens of meters thick basal zones characterized by widespread deformation of both slide blocks and underlying rock near the southern distal end of the gravity slide. Superimposed on this transition are variations in basal zone characteristics and slide geometry arising from interactions between slide blocks during dynamic wear and deposition processes and pre‐existing topography of the former land surface. These observations are synthesized into a conceptual model in which the presence of highly pressurized fluids reduced the frictional resistance to sliding during the emplacement of the Sevier gravity slide, and basal zone evolution controlled the effectiveness of dynamic weakening mechanisms across the former land surface.

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Distribution and Geometric Parameters of Volcanic Debris Avalanche Deposits

Cited by 21 publications

References 63 publications

Landslide Processes Involved in Volcano Dismantling From Past to Present: The Remarkable Open‐Air Laboratory of the Cirque de Salazie (Reunion Island)

Landslide Processes Involved in Volcano Dismantling From Past to Present: The Remarkable Open‐Air Laboratory of the Cirque de Salazie (Reunion Island)

Volcanic landscape controls on pre-rift to syn-rift volcano sedimentary systems: the Prestfjall Formation eruptive hiatus, Faroe Islands Basalt Group, northeast Atlantic

Structural Relationships Across the Sevier Gravity Slide of Southwest Utah and Implications for Catastrophic Translation and Emplacement Processes of Long Runout Landslides

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