Empirical Equations for Nasal Deposition of Inhaled Particles in Small Laboratory Animals and Humans

Zhang, L.; Yu, C.P.

doi:10.1080/02786829308959620

Cited by 47 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…To facilitate interspecies comparison Zhang and Yu (1993) developed a human PDE model using particle size, flow rate, nasopharyngeal anglc, and A,,,,. They used a published PDE equation, published average A,,, and nasopharynx angle to creatc a PDE equation.…”

Section: Empirical Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Nasal Passage Particle Deposition: The Effect of Particle Size, Flow Rate, and Anatomical Factors

Kesavanathan

Swift

1998

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Section: Empirical Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Nasal Passage Particle Deposition: The Effect of Particle Size, Flow Rate, and Anatomical Factors

Kesavanathan

Swift

1998

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…pointed out that nasal anatomic and dimensional factor are important in determining the amount of deposition in the nasal passage, and that particle deposition data from a demographically diverse group is important. Therefore, factors such as bend angle of the nasopharynx, minimum nasal crosssectional areas, and nostril shape were categorized in different ethnic groups and were included in developing an empirical equation for the nasal particle deposition efficiency (Zhang and Yu 1993;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Vivo Measurements of Micrometer-Sized Particle Deposition in the Nasal Cavities of Taiwanese Adults

Hsu

Chuang

2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

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It has been observed that Asians and Caucasians possess considerably different craniofacial features, which may affect the anatomical structure of the upper respiratory tract and, consequently, the characteristics of particle deposition. Most deposition studies on the human respiratory tract were primarily based on a limited number of Caucasian subjects. Therefore, data of the particle deposition efficiency in the upper respiratory tract of Asians are needed to supplement the understanding of the deposition characteristics in the human respiratory tract. This study measured the nasal deposition efficiency of particles ranging from 0.5 to 20 µm in five Taiwanese male and four Taiwanese female adults under different inspiratory flow rates. The measured deposition efficiency showed a very large intersubject variability in the inertial parameters, ranging between 10 3 to 5 × 10 4 µm 2 cm 3 /s, and the deposition efficiency of the subjects with similar values of the minimum nasal cross-sectional area approaches to each other. This study showed that Taiwanese adults have lower nasal deposition efficiency than Caucasians, and that the differences in the nostril shape, inclination of nostrils, and nasal hair density between the two ethnic groups are likely the causes. In addition, this study suggested that up to 15% of overestimation in the nasal deposition efficiency for larger particles may occur if the inhalation efficiency is not considered. An empirical equation adopting inspiratory flow rate and the minimum nasal cross-sectional area was developed to predict the nasal particle deposition in the upper airway of Taiwanese adults.

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“…One reason that DE did not affect sneezing may be due to a difference in the actual concentration of DEP between the particulates administered to the nasal cavity in the form of a DEP suspension and those in the inhaled DE. Assuming that a guinea pig of 400 g body weight breathes 21 liters during a 3-hr exposure to DE (5 cm 3 for each breath and 70 times/min; Altman et al, 1974), the animal in the atmosphere of 3.2 mg/m 3 DEP inhales about 0.07 mg. A nasal deposition efficiency curve for guinea pigs (Zhang and Yu, 1993) showed, however, that the efficiency of inhaled 0.2-/jm particulates was under 1% at the most. Therefore, in the case of DE exposure DEP deposited in nasal airways were very much lower than 1 mg/kg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Short-Term Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Induces Nasal Mucosal Hyperresponsiveness to Histamine in Guinea Pigs

Kobayashi

Ikeue²,

Ito

et al. 1997

Toxicol Sci

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The increasing prevalence of allergic rhinitis in many countries is becoming a social problem. It is important to determine whether air pollutants are related to the increase in the prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis or not. In this respect, it is necessary to elucidate whether exposure to air pollutants affects the nasal mucosa and causes nasal mucosal hyperresponsiveness to chemical mediators released by antigen-antibody reactions. A previous study revealed that diesel exhaust particulates are potent in augmenting increases in nasal congestion and nasal secretion induced by histamine (T. Kobayashi and T. Ito, 1995, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 27,195-202). In the present study, using a rhinitis model of guinea pigs, we investigated whether short-term (3-hr) exposure to diesel exhaust induces nasal mucosal hyperresponsiveness to histamine. Guinea pigs of each group were exposed to filtered air or to a low or high concentration of diesel exhaust (1 and 3.2 mg/m 3 particulates in diluted diesel exhaust, respectively) for 3 hr. After diesel exhaust exposure, sneezing frequency, nasal secretion from the nostril, and intranasal airway resistance induced by histamine were measured as indices of sneezing response, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion, respectively. Short-term exposure to a low or high concentration of diesel exhaust itself did not induce sneezing, nasal secretion, or nasal congestion. However, short-term exposure to a high concentration of diesel exhaust augmented sneezing and nasal secretion, but not nasal congestion, induced by histamine. In conclusion, short-term exposure to diesel exhaust potently induces nasal mucosal hyperresponsiveness. C 1997Socfc(jrofTajdco4ogy.The recent increase in the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (Kaneko et al, 1980;Crawford and Cohen, 1985;Aberg, 1989;Barbee et al, 1991;Lundback et al, 1992) in many countries is becoming an increasingly important social prob-' To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. Fax: 81-298-50-2439. lem. A positive relationship between the prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis and concentrations of atmospheric pollutants (Kaneko et al, 1980;Ishizaki et al, 1987) has been suggested from epidemiological studies. Therefore, it is important to clarify whether diesel exhaust (DE) could be related to the increase in the prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis. From this point of view, it is necessary to elucidate whether exposure to DE enhances IgE production and whether exposure to diesel exhaust particulates (DEP) causes nasal mucosal hyperresponsiveness to chemical mediators released by antigen-antibody reactions. It has been reported that administration of DEP or exposure to DE enhances IgE antibody production in mice (Muranaka et al, 1986;Takafuji et al, 1987;Fujimaki et al, 1994) and in humans (Diaz-Sanchez etal, 1994; Takenaka etal, 1995). In nasal hyperresponsive animals, increases in nasal airway resistance, nasal secretion, and sneezing elicited by major mediators released during an allergic attack were induced by the lowering ...

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Empirical Equations for Nasal Deposition of Inhaled Particles in Small Laboratory Animals and Humans

Cited by 47 publications

References 8 publications

Human Nasal Passage Particle Deposition: The Effect of Particle Size, Flow Rate, and Anatomical Factors

Human Nasal Passage Particle Deposition: The Effect of Particle Size, Flow Rate, and Anatomical Factors

In-Vivo Measurements of Micrometer-Sized Particle Deposition in the Nasal Cavities of Taiwanese Adults

Short-Term Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Induces Nasal Mucosal Hyperresponsiveness to Histamine in Guinea Pigs

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