Emotional processing and outcome of imaginal flooding therapy in vietnam veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder

Pitman, Roger K.; Orr, Scott P.; Altman, Bruce; Longpre, Ronald E; Poiré, R; Macklin, Michael L.; Michaels, Michael J; Steketee, Gail

doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(96)90024-3

Cited by 133 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The experimental group showed decreased reactivity to two of three repeats of the audiotape, whereas the control group showed a decrease only for one playing 14 . The reduced SC response was found to be a trend in another article 15 , and, in the third study 16 , there were no significant differences in SC response in the treatment group. Moreover, this latter study did not detail their SC results.…”

Section: Psychophysiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…We observed a relationship between heart rate reduction and CBT response in six of the seven selected studies. There was a statistically significant decrease in heart rate responses to trauma reminders in the active treatment groups versus the control groups in the three studies [15][16][17] and a trend for a decrease in another three articles 14,18,19 . All of these studies used the symptom provocation paradigm.…”

Section: Psychophysiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Boudewyns and Hyer 14 reported that the decrease in EMG was not statistically related to the decrease in psychometric measures. Similarly, Pitman et al 15 did not find a statistical relationship between EMG decrease and decrease in psychometric measures.…”

Section: Psychophysiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Two of these studies used electromyography to measure the efficacy of therapy, one of which was a randomized controlled trial 14 , while the other was a non-controlled trial 15 . By summing up the number of participants submitted to CBT in both studies, there were a total of 39 subjects (all war veterans).…”

Section: Psychophysiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potenciais biomarcadores da terapia cognitivo-comportamental para o transtorno de estresse pós-traumático: uma revisão sistemática

Gonçalves¹,

Lages²,

Rodrigues³

et al. 2011

Rev. psiquiatr. clín.

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Background: The establishment of biomarkers related to cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) is a method to objectively consolidate treatment efficacy, which is critical to advancing the field. Objectives: We systematically reviewed studies that used biological parameters to assess the efficacy of CBT for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and studies that used these parameters as predictors of response to CBT. Methods: Computerized literature searches were conducted in PubMed/Medline, ISI/Thompson Reuters, and Pilot databases using both thesaurus and free-word search terms. Results: 12 articles met the selection criteria; 4 of them were response predictors studies. A relationship was found between CBT efficacy and changes in the measured parameters, with heart rate responses to symptom provocation being the parameter most often studied. The reduction in heart rate was associated with an improvement in PTSD symptoms. The potential biomarkers of response predictions found included 5α-reductase, amygdala activation, activation and volume of the anterior cingulate cortex, and heart rate. Discussion: Despite the scarcity of studies and their methodological shortcomings, initial investigations indicate that biomarkers of CBT in PTSD patients hold promise for more objective treatment outcome monitoring, identification of response predictors, and for developing novel treatment and prevention strategies.

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Section: Psychophysiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Psychophysiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Psychophysiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Psychophysiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Potenciais biomarcadores da terapia cognitivo-comportamental para o transtorno de estresse pós-traumático: uma revisão sistemática

Gonçalves¹,

Lages²,

Rodrigues³

et al. 2011

Rev. psiquiatr. clín.

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“…Les cognitions et l'imagerie mentale sont associées de manière variable et spécifique à ces modifications, par exemple les patients souffrant notamment d'un TAG sont plus sensibles à des cognitions spéci-fiques qu'à des images mentales (Borkovec and Hu, 1990). Le type de réactivité et flexibilité physiologique semblent, dans certaines études, influencer tant la réponse au traitement pharmacologique que psychothérapeutique (Pitman et al, 1996). Par ailleurs, l'efficacité de l'un ou l'autre de ces traitements est associée à une réponse physiologique plus flexible et à une diminution de la réactivité aux stresseurs spéci-fiques (Tucker et al, 1997 …”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Comment s’expriment physiologiquement l’hypervigilance et l’hyperréactivité décrites cliniquement pour l’anxiété ?

Zullino

Khazaal

Hättenschwiler

et al. 2004

smq

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Les sujets anxieux présentent souvent des troubles attentionnels avec un biais pour les stimuli à contenu menaçant. L’anxiété, comme toute autre émotion, s’accompagne de réactions physiologiques périphériques plus ou moins manifestes affectant le comportement et l’état de l’organisme. Compte tenu des modifications psychophysiologiques associées à l’anxiété et aux troubles anxieux on s’est intéressé à rechercher des liens entre les mesures psychophysiologiques et les phénomènes de sélectivité attentionnelle. Ce phénomène a effectivement été observé, c’est-à-dire une activation élective de fonctions psychophysiologiques comme réaction à des stimuli menaçants, et une diminution lors de l’exposition aux stimuli neutres.Anxious people often show a particular attentional focus towards potentially threatening stimuli. Like any other emotion, anxiety goes along with physiological reactions, which may be more or less noticeable, and may impair behavior and physical wellness. In view of the psychophysiological reactions related with anxiety and anxiety disorders, it seems important to examine potential correlations between psychophysiological activity and the phenomena of hypervigilance. In fact, selective psychophysiological activation has repeatedly been found as a reaction to pathology-specific threatening stimuli in patients with anxiety disorders, whereas their psychophysiological responses appeared often to be blunted when they were submitted to neutral stimuli.Los pacientes ansiosos presentan con frecuencia trastornos de atención con una inclinación a los estímulos de contenido amenazador. La ansiedad, como cualquier otra emoción, se acompaña de reacciones fisiológicas periféricas, más o menos manifiestas, que afectan el comportamiento y el estado del organismo. Dadas las modificaciones psicofisiológicas asociadas con la ansiedad y los trastornos de ansiedad, nos interesamos en la investigación de las relaciones entre las medidas psicofisiológicas y los fenómenos de selectividad de la atención. Este fenómeno ha sido efectivamente observado, es decir existe una activación electiva de las funciones psicofisiológicas como reacción a los estímulos amenazadores y una disminución en el momento de la exposición a los estímulos neutros.As pessoas ansiosas apresentam freqüentemente transtornos da atenção com uma tendência para os estímulos de conteúdo ameaçador. A ansiedade, como qualquer outra emoção, é acompanhada de reações psicológicas periféricas mais ou menos manifestas que afetam o comportamento e o estado do organismo. Levando em consideração as modificações psicofisiológicas associadas à ansiedade e aos transtornos de ansiedade, ficamos interessados em pesquisar os elos entre as medidas psicofisiológicas e os fenômenos de seletividade da atenção. Este fenômeno foi realmente observado; trata-se de uma ativação eletiva de funções psicofisiológicas em reação a estímulos ameaçadores e uma diminuição durante a exposição a estímulos neutros

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Comparative efficacy of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis

Etten

Taylor

1998

Clin. Psychol. Psychother.

538

113

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A meta-analysis was conducted on 61 treatment outcome trials for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Conditions included drug therapies (TCAs, carbamazepine, MAOIs, SSRIs, and BDZs), psychological therapies (behaviour therapy, Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), relaxation training, hypnotherapy, and dynamic therapy), and control conditions (pill placebo, wait-list controls, supportive psychotherapies, and non-saccade EMDR control). Psychological therapies had significantly lower drop-out rates than pharmacotherapies (14% versus 32%), with attrition being uniformly low across all psychological therapies. In terms of symptom reduction, psychological therapies were more effective than drug therapies, and both were more effective than controls. Among the drug therapies, the SSRIs and carbamazepine had the greatest effect sizes, although the latter was based upon a single trial. Among the psychological therapies, behaviour therapy and EMDR were most effective, and generally equally so. The most effective psychological therapies and drug therapies were generally equally effective. Differences across treatment conditions were generally evident across symptom domains, with little matching of symptom domain to treatment type. However, SSRIs had some advantage over psychological therapies in treating depression.

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Emotional processing and outcome of imaginal flooding therapy in vietnam veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder

Cited by 133 publications

References 26 publications

Potenciais biomarcadores da terapia cognitivo-comportamental para o transtorno de estresse pós-traumático: uma revisão sistemática

Potenciais biomarcadores da terapia cognitivo-comportamental para o transtorno de estresse pós-traumático: uma revisão sistemática

Comment s’expriment physiologiquement l’hypervigilance et l’hyperréactivité décrites cliniquement pour l’anxiété ?

Comparative efficacy of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis

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