This study aims to provide evidence of validity and reliability of the Social Well-being Scales in the Portuguese context. A cross-sectional study was developed with 322 adults (M = 30.45; SD = 8.52) aged from 18 to 58 years old, mostly females (65.8%). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good model fit considering the five-factor model consistent with the original theoretical proposal. Also, additional validity evidence was obtained with statistically significant associations being found between social well-being dimensions and satisfaction with life, depression and anxiety. Reliability data also showed adequate internal consistency of all well-being dimensions. This reliable and valid scale is useful to evaluate social well-being in adulthood in the Portuguese context, not only allowing a more comprehensive approach to the mental health research but also providing opportunities of assessment and intervention focused on a positive framework.
Background: The establishment of biomarkers related to cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) is a method to objectively consolidate treatment efficacy, which is critical to advancing the field. Objectives: We systematically reviewed studies that used biological parameters to assess the efficacy of CBT for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and studies that used these parameters as predictors of response to CBT. Methods: Computerized literature searches were conducted in PubMed/Medline, ISI/Thompson Reuters, and Pilot databases using both thesaurus and free-word search terms. Results: 12 articles met the selection criteria; 4 of them were response predictors studies. A relationship was found between CBT efficacy and changes in the measured parameters, with heart rate responses to symptom provocation being the parameter most often studied. The reduction in heart rate was associated with an improvement in PTSD symptoms. The potential biomarkers of response predictions found included 5α-reductase, amygdala activation, activation and volume of the anterior cingulate cortex, and heart rate. Discussion: Despite the scarcity of studies and their methodological shortcomings, initial investigations indicate that biomarkers of CBT in PTSD patients hold promise for more objective treatment outcome monitoring, identification of response predictors, and for developing novel treatment and prevention strategies.
Marcadores neurobiológicos e psicométricos da efi cácia da terapia cognitivo-comportamental no transtorno de estresse pós-traumático associado a sintomas dissociativos: relato de caso ResumoIntrodução: O transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) tem sido associado à desregulação de diversos parâmetros psicofi siológicos e pode apresentar comorbidade com diversas psicopatologias, inclusive a dissociação, podendo difi cultar o tratamento. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar os efeitos da terapia cognitivo-comportamental em um paciente com TEPT e sintomas dissociativos com base em medidas psicofi siológicas e psicométricas em diferentes momentos do tratamento. Descrição do caso: O paciente é um homem de 38 anos, com diagnósticos de TEPT e transtorno depressivo maior recorrente com sintomas dissociativos e resistência ao tratamento farmacológico. O tratamento psicoterápico teve duração de 4 meses, sendo composto por uma sessão semanal de terapia e três sessões semanais de coterapia. Os parâmetros fi siológicos (frequência cardíaca, tônus vagal, balanço simpático e cortisol) e psicométricos (afeto negativo e positivo, resiliência e sintomas de estresse pós-traumático, depressão, ansiedade e dissociação) foram medidos antes, durante (uma vez ao mês) e após o tratamento. Comentários: Os resultados mostraram diminuição do balanço simpático e aumento do tônus vagal, da frequência cardíaca e dos níveis de cortisol ao longo do tratamento. O tratamento também promoveu redução no afeto negativo e nos sintomas de estresse pós-traumático, depressão, ansiedade e dissociação, além de um aumento nos escores de resiliência, apoio social e afeto positivo. Esses resultados sugerem que a terapia cognitivocomportamental é um tratamento efi caz para o TEPT com sintomas dissociativos. Além disso, parece promover a normalização das alterações fi siológicas do sistema nervoso autônomo e neuroendócrino relacionadas ao TEPT. Descritores: Transtornos de estresse pós-traumáticos, psicofi siologia, transtornos dissociativos, psicometria. AbstractIntroduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with dysregulation of many psychophysiological parameters and may present comorbidity with different psychopathologies, including dissociation, potentially affecting treatment outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy in a patient with PTSD and dissociative symptoms based on psychophysiological and psychometric measures at different time points throughout the course of treatment. Case description: Our patient is a 38-year old man diagnosed with PTSD, major depression, and dissociative symptoms, resistant to pharmacotherapy. Psychological treatment lasted for 4 months and consisted of one weekly therapy session and three weekly coaching sessions. Physiological (heart rate, vagal tone, sympathovagal balance, and cortisol) and psychometric measures (negative and positive affect, resilience, and post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, and dissociative symptoms) were ob...
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