Emissions from Methanol, Ethanol, and Diesel Powered Urban Transit Buses

Rideout, Greg; Kirshenblatt, Morrie; Prakash, Chandra

doi:10.4271/942261

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…As opposed to the promising benefits in the emissions of regulated compounds and CO 2 , an increase in the ethanol concentration in a fuel blend led to higher emissions of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde [7,11,12,15]. These carbonyl compounds are highly toxic and potentially carcinogenic [16][17][18]. They are also known for their impact on air quality, as they are precursors of ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrates (PAN) [15,[19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Impact of ethanol containing gasoline blends on emissions from a flex-fuel vehicle tested over the Worldwide Harmonized Light duty Test Cycle (WLTC)

Suarez-Bertoa

Zardini

Keuken

et al. 2015

Fuel

152

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h i g h l i g h t sHydrous and anhydrous ethanol blends show similar regulated and unregulated emissions. Low temperature leads to higher emissions for all tested blends. E85 and E75 blends resulted in higher emissions of acetaldehyde and ethanol. Higher emissions of acetaldehyde and ethanol yield higher OFP. a b s t r a c t Regulated and unregulated emissions from a Euro 5a flex-fuel vehicle tested with nine different hydrous and anhydrous ethanol containing fuel blends at 23 and À7°C over the World harmonized Light-duty vehicle Test Cycle and the New European Driving Cycle, were investigated at the Vehicle Emission Laboratory at the European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, Italy. The experimental results showed no differences on the regulated and unregulated emissions when hydrous ethanol blends were used instead of anhydrous ethanol blends. The use of E85 and E75 blends (gasoline containing 85% and 75% of ethanol, respectively) resulted in a reduction of NO x emissions (30-55%) but increased the emissions of carbon monoxide, methane, carbonyls and ethanol compared to E5, E10 and E15 blends (gasoline containing 5%, 10% and 15% of ethanol, respectively). The increase of the acetaldehyde and ethanol emissions (up to 120% and 350% at 23°C and up to 400% and 390% at À7°C, for acetaldehyde and ethanol, respectively) caused a severe increment of the ozone formation potential. Most of the studied pollutants presented similar emission factors during the tests performed with E10 and E15 blends. The emission factors of most unregulated compounds were lower over the NEDC (with ammonia as an exception) than over the WLTC. However, when taking into consideration only the cold start emissions, emission factors over the WLTC were observed to be higher, or similar, to those obtained over the NEDC. Low ambient temperature caused an increase of the emissions of all studied compounds with all tested blends.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Impact of ethanol containing gasoline blends on emissions from a flex-fuel vehicle tested over the Worldwide Harmonized Light duty Test Cycle (WLTC)

Suarez-Bertoa

Zardini

Keuken

et al. 2015

Fuel

152

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“…According to Corkwell [8], who reviewed the existing published data from previous exhaust emissions testing on ethanol-diesel blends, the most frequent observations occurred around a 20% increase in the level of THC emission, a 20% reduction or no change in CO emission and almost no variation in NOx emission. Besides the regulated exhaust emissions, ethanol-diesel fuel blends could increase the emission of unburned hydrocarbons [9] and aldehyde emission [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of ethanol–diesel blended fuels on diesel exhaust emissions and mutagenic and genotoxic activities of particulate extracts

Chen

Zhou

Huang

et al. 2007

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…The blends containing 83-94% diesel fuel, 5-15% ethanol, 1-3% additive and a small amount of commercially available cetane improver (o0.33% by volume) in the mixture could reduce 41% PM, 27% CO emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine in laboratory and field tests (Ahmed, 2001). However, ethanol diesel blends increase unburned hydrocarbons (Shih, 1998;Cole et al, 2001), NO x emissions (Cole et al, 2001) and aldehyde emissions (Rideout et al, 1994;Gjirja et al, 1998). Moreover, the viscosity and lubricity of the blends decreases, cetane number linearly reduces at ambient temperature (Caro et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of ethanol blended diesel fuels on emissions from a diesel engine

Shuai

Wang

et al. 2003

Atmospheric Environment

325

118

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The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel simultaneously decreases cetane number, high heating value, aromatics fractions and kinematic viscosity of ethanol blended diesel fuels and changes distillation temperatures. An additive used to keep the blends homogenous and stable, and an ignition improver, which can enhance cetane number of the blends, have favorable effects on the physicochemical properties related to ignition and combustion of the blends with 10% and 30% ethanol by volume.The emission characteristics of five fuels were conducted on a diesel engine. At high loads, the blends reduce smoke significantly with a small penalty on CO, acetaldehyde and unburned ethanol emissions compared to diesel fuel. NO x and CO 2 emissions of the blends are decreased somewhat. At low loads, the blends have slight effects on smoke reduction due to overall leaner mixture. With the aid of additive and ignition improver, CO, unburned ethanol and acetaldehyde emissions of the blends can be decreased moderately, even total hydrocarbon emissions are less than those of diesel fuel. The results indicate the potential of diesel reformation for clean combustion in diesel engines. r

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Emissions from Methanol, Ethanol, and Diesel Powered Urban Transit Buses

Cited by 21 publications

References 1 publication

Impact of ethanol containing gasoline blends on emissions from a flex-fuel vehicle tested over the Worldwide Harmonized Light duty Test Cycle (WLTC)

Impact of ethanol containing gasoline blends on emissions from a flex-fuel vehicle tested over the Worldwide Harmonized Light duty Test Cycle (WLTC)

Influence of ethanol–diesel blended fuels on diesel exhaust emissions and mutagenic and genotoxic activities of particulate extracts

The effect of ethanol blended diesel fuels on emissions from a diesel engine

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