Impact of ethanol containing gasoline blends on emissions from a flex-fuel vehicle tested over the Worldwide Harmonized Light duty Test Cycle (WLTC)

Suarez-Bertoa, Ricardo; Zardini, Alessandro; Keuken, H.; Astorga, Covadonga

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.10.076

Cited by 153 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We found that carbureted and fuel-injected vehicles did not show any statistically significant difference in unburned hydrocarbon emissions when vehicles were fueled with E20 compared to when they were fueled with E10 (Figure 8b,c). These experimental results are consistent with results obtained from the analytical model and with results reported by other authors [19,20]. …”

Section: Hc Emission Indexsupporting

confidence: 93%

The Effect of Using Ethanol-Gasoline Blends on the Mechanical, Energy and Environmental Performance of In-Use Vehicles

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The use of ethanol in gasoline has become a worldwide tendency as an alternative to reduce net CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere, increasing gasoline octane rating and reducing dependence on petroleum products. However, recently environmental authorities in large urban centers have expressed their concerns on the true effect of using ethanol blends of up to 20% v/v in in-use vehicles without any modification in the setup of the engine control unit (ECU), and on the variations of these effects along the years of operation of these vehicles. Their main concern is the potential increase in the emissions of volatile organic compounds with high ozone formation potential. To address these concerns, we developed analytical and experimental work testing engines under steady-conditions. We also tested carbureted and fuel-injected vehicles every 10,000 km during their first 100,000 km of operation. We measured the effect of using ethanol-gasoline blends on the power and torque generated, the fuel consumption and CO 2 , CO, NOx and unburned hydrocarbon emissions, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, benzene and 1,3-butadiene which are considered important ozone precursors. The obtained results showed statistically no significant differences in these variables when vehicles operate with a blend of 20% v/v ethanol and 80% v/v gasoline (E20) instead of gasoline. Those results remained unchanged during the first 100,000 km of operation of the vehicles. We also observed that when the vehicles operated with E20 at high engine loads, they showed a tendency to operate with greater values of λ (ratio of the actual air-fuel ratio to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio) when compared to their operation with gasoline. According to the Eco-Indicator-99, these results represent a minor reduction (<1.3%) on the impact to human health, and on the deterioration of the ecosystem. However, it implies a 12.9% deterioration of the natural resources. Thermal equilibrium analysis, at the tailpipe conditions (~100 • C), showed that ethane, formaldehyde, ethylene and ethanol are the most relevant VOCs in terms of the amount of mass emitted. The use of ethanol in the gasoline reduced 20-40% of those emissions. These reductions implied an average reduction of 17% in the ozone formation potential.

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Section: Hc Emission Indexsupporting

confidence: 93%

The Effect of Using Ethanol-Gasoline Blends on the Mechanical, Energy and Environmental Performance of In-Use Vehicles

et al. 2018

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“…The NO x emissions are decreased by 9.58%, 33.05%, and 7.09% on average for HE10, HE20, and E20, respectively. The outcomes obtained are consistent with the NO x results stated in previous publications [11,12,14,22,[24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Gaseous Emission Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Readers may refer to our review paper for further details [3], which concludes, as briefly discussed here, that mixing hydrous ethanol in gasoline yields an increase in combustion efficiency [11,12], cylinder pressure [11,[13][14][15], heat release rate [13], engine torque [12,[16][17][18][19][20], engine power [11,12,[16][17][18][19][20], engine thermal efficiency [12,17,18,21,22], brake mean effective pressure [11,17,18,23], and fuel consumption [11,16,17,19,20]. On the other hand, it decreases nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions [11,12,14,22,[24][25][26][27][28], carbon monoxide (CO) emissions [13,14,17,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emission of Hydrous Ethanol Gasoline Blends Fuel in a Port Injection Gasoline Engine

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The industrialization that increases day by day needs more and more power/fuel sources that are commonly available, abundant, renewable, and environmentally friendly. Recently, nearly all of the cities in China (PRC) have been influenced by haze. However, the pollutants from automobiles have always been seriously considered to be the main contamination causes of the haze and that influence human health. This study concerns the impact of hydrous ethanol on in-cylinder pressure, particulate matter (PM), and gaseous emissions (oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC)) from a port fuel injection (PFI) gasoline engine. Tests were conducted on a four-cylinder port injection gasoline engine at different engine loads at an engine speed of 2000 rev/min for commercial gasoline, hydrous ethanol-gasoline blends (10% and 20% hydrous ethanol by volume), and an anhydrous ethanol-gasoline blend (20% anhydrous ethanol by volume). The results show that the peak in-cylinder pressure with the use of gasoline was the highest compared with the hydrous ethanol and anhydrous ethanol blends. Compared with the anhydrous ethanol blend, the hydrous ethanol blends performed well at a high load condition, equivalent to a low load. In addition, the total particulate number (PN) declines with an increase in engine operating loads for all of the fuels tested. The outcome of this study is an important reduction in PM number, mass emissions, and mean diameters of particles as the use of hydrous ethanol blends increases, while the form of the particulate size distribution remains the same. Furthermore, the NO x emission is raised with a rise in engine load, and NO x and HC emissions are reduced with the use of hydrous ethanol and anhydrous ethanol blend as equated with pure gasoline. Moreover, the correlation between the total particle number against NO x and HC has been found; the number of particles increases when the NO x emission decreases, and the opposite trend is exhibited for the HC emission. Therefore, it can be concluded that hydrous ethanol blends look to be a good selection for PM, NO x , and HC reduction for gasoline engines.

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“…In conclusion, and with reference to Table 5, the hydrous ethanol and its blends with gasoline fuel used in SI engines decreased the nitrogen oxide (NO X ) emissions [6,10,38,39,49,67,69,79,80,84,88], carbon monoxide (CO) emissions [10,36,38,39,49,50,84,89], carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions [38,50,69], and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions [36,38,39,49,50,67,89]. Furthermore, a few studies [79,80,84] have reported a slight increase in HC emissions due to the increase in water content in ethanol blends, while, NO X decreased with increased water content in ethanol blends.…”

Section: Regulated Emissions (Co Co 2 No X Hc and Pm)mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…More added water dilutes the fuel mixture and reduces the combustion temperature and lowers total HC oxidation. Suarez et al [88] experimentally investigated the regulated and unregulated emissions from a Euro 5a flex-fuel light duty vehicle (FFV).The test was conducted at a temperature of 23 • C and −7 • C using nine different ethanol fuel blends. The results showed no differences on the emissions when hydrous ethanol blends were used instead of anhydrous ethanol blends.…”

Section: Regulated Emissions (Co Co 2 No X Hc and Pm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spark Ignition Engine Combustion, Performance and Emission Products from Hydrous Ethanol and Its Blends with Gasoline

et al. 2016

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This paper reviews the serviceability of hydrous ethanol as a clean, cheap and green renewable substitute fuel for spark ignition engines and discusses the comparative chemical and physical properties of hydrous ethanol and gasoline fuels. The significant differences in the properties of hydrous ethanol and gasoline fuels are sufficient to create a significant change during the combustion phase of engine operation and consequently affect the performance of spark-ignition (SI) engines. The stability of ethanol-gasoline-water blends is also discussed. Furthermore, the effects of hydrous ethanol, and its blends with gasoline fuel on SI engine combustion characteristics, cycle-to-cycle variations, engine performance parameters, and emission characteristics have been highlighted. Higher water solubility in ethanol-gasoline blends may be obviously useful and suitable; nevertheless, the continuous ability of water to remain soluble in the blend is significantly affected by temperature. Nearly all published engine experimental results showed a significant improvement in combustion characteristics and enhanced engine performance for the use of hydrous ethanol as fuel. Moreover, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen emissions were also significantly decreased. It is also worth pointing out that unburned hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide emissions were also reduced for the use of hydrous ethanol. However, unregulated emissions such as acetaldehyde and formaldehyde were significantly increased.

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Impact of ethanol containing gasoline blends on emissions from a flex-fuel vehicle tested over the Worldwide Harmonized Light duty Test Cycle (WLTC)

Cited by 153 publications

References 36 publications

The Effect of Using Ethanol-Gasoline Blends on the Mechanical, Energy and Environmental Performance of In-Use Vehicles

The Effect of Using Ethanol-Gasoline Blends on the Mechanical, Energy and Environmental Performance of In-Use Vehicles

Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emission of Hydrous Ethanol Gasoline Blends Fuel in a Port Injection Gasoline Engine

Spark Ignition Engine Combustion, Performance and Emission Products from Hydrous Ethanol and Its Blends with Gasoline

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