Emerging Understanding of Etiology and Epidemiology of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China

Zhou, Duanning; Zhang, Peng; Bao, Chen; Zhang, Youzhi; Zhu, Ning

doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0283.v1

Cited by 33 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Up to date (11: 17 on March 6, 2020), this virus has resulted in 97205 cases in 81 countries with 3327 deaths [1]. Many studies have been conducted regarding its epidemiological, clinical and radiological features [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive RT-PCR Test Results in Discharged COVID-19 Patients: Reinfection or Residual?

Tao

Liu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease. Moreover, 14% of the discharged patients tested virus positive again. However, the underlying clinical mechanisms are still under investigation. Case presentation: The current study summarized the clinical course, radiological features and laboratory test results of two COVID-19 patients who tested positive again during the quarantine after hospital discharge. We found that while all symptoms were relieved, their lesions in lungs were not fully recovered, and both of them had slight coughs. In addition, when the lesions were further recovered and the cough symptoms were further remitted, they tested virus negative again. Conclusions: These results implied that the positive result is unlikely caused by the reinfection from others or the remained virus. Rather, it may derive from the remained virus transferred from the lower respiratory tract to the throat or nose with coughs. Accordingly, we proposed some suggestions regarding the discharge management. This study enhances our knowledge of the progress of COVID-19 and benefit the control of this disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive RT-PCR Test Results in Discharged COVID-19 Patients: Reinfection or Residual?

Tao

Liu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Common seasonal respiratory viruses and COVID-19 appear to be transmitted in similar ways i.e. via a combination of droplet, and direct and indirect contact with infected secretions and an uncertain amount of aerosol-based transmission [27][28][29] . Exposure to public places could increase each of these forms of exposure, for example through holding onto/ touching surfaces, close contact with symptomatic people and inhalation of aerosols with viral particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Activities Preceding the Onset of Acute Respiratory Infection Syndromes in Adults in England - Implications for the Use of Social Distancing to Control Pandemic Respiratory Infections

et al. 2020

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Social distancing measures may reduce the spread of Background: emerging respiratory infections however, there is little empirical data on how exposure to crowded places affects risk of acute respiratory infection. We used a case-crossover design nested in a community cohort Methods: to compare self-reported measures of activities during the week before infection onset and baseline periods. The design eliminates the effect of non-time-varying confounders. Time-varying confounders were addressed by exclusion of illnesses around the Christmas period and seasonal adjustment. 626 participants had paired data from the week before 1005 Results: illnesses and the week before baseline. Each additional day of undertaking the following activities in the prior week was associated with illness onset: Spending more than five minutes in a room with someone (other than a household member) who has a cold (Seasonally adjusted OR 1•15, p =0•003); use of underground trains (1•31, =0•036); use of supermarkets p (1•32, <0•001); attending a theatre, cinema or concert (1•26, =0•032); p p eating out at a café, restaurant or canteen (1•25, =0•003); and attending p parties (1•47, <0•001). Undertaking the following activities at least once in p the previous week was associated with illness onset: using a bus, (aOR 1.48, p=0.049), shopping at small shops (1.9, p<0.002) attending a place of worship (1.81, p=0.005). Exposure to potentially crowded places, public transport and Conclusions: to individuals with a cold increases risk of acquiring circulating acute respiratory infections. This suggests social distancing measures can have an important impact on slowing transmission of emerging respiratory infections.

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“…To tilt the balance of selective liability further toward a corporate behavioral response more aligned to acting as if strict liability applied, negative consumer sentiment could be made more visible and maximized by regulators and environmental conservation groups. There are many negative outcomes from a poorly managed wild animal trade, including zoonotic virus pandemics such as COVID-19 (Zhou et al, 2020). Accordingly, legitimately highlighting such an association may help to convince online auction websites to withdraw their services to illegal wildlife products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective liability, regulated digital commerce, and the subversion of product trading bans: the case of elephant ivory

Cox

Collins

2020

Human Dimensions of Wildlife

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This paper outlines and applies the concept of "selective liability" (i.e., operating as if there was a genuine choice between fault-based and strict liability legal regimes) to examine the apparent plausible deniability pact between online selling platforms and the sellers. Through an analysis of online trading data, this paper considered the issues inherent in prosecuting traders who use online auction platforms to sell ivory in contravention of "CITES" regulations. Three bone euphemisms for ivory (antique bovine bone, antique cow bone, antique Chinese cow bone) were identified to track sales over the course of 90 days. The results showed that sellers are using such euphemisms to sell ivory online and these findings highlighted the contradiction between a firm's ban on ivory sales and the apparent ease with which ivory is sold through a website.

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Emerging Understanding of Etiology and Epidemiology of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China

Cited by 33 publications

References 6 publications

Positive RT-PCR Test Results in Discharged COVID-19 Patients: Reinfection or Residual?

Positive RT-PCR Test Results in Discharged COVID-19 Patients: Reinfection or Residual?

Public Activities Preceding the Onset of Acute Respiratory Infection Syndromes in Adults in England - Implications for the Use of Social Distancing to Control Pandemic Respiratory Infections

Selective liability, regulated digital commerce, and the subversion of product trading bans: the case of elephant ivory

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