Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Policy: Insights from Cambodia, Hong Kong and Indonesia

Abstract

Emerging infectious diseases affect the health of animal and human populations, but the impact goes beyond health as it extends to political, economic, social and environmental domains, as well as inter-state relations. Deeper understanding of these impacts aids public health authorities in their duties of protection and improvement of the health of their communities, promotion of healthy practices and research on disease, injury and threat prevention and mitigation. This empirical essay gathers insights from Cambodia, Hong Kong and Indonesia as they attempt to design and implement control and surveillance systems against avian influenza - an infectious disease.

Assessment of Inactivation Procedures for SARS-CoV-2

“…Cambodia is a tropical, resource poor, least developed country (LDC) in Southeast Asia with a large socio-economic dependence on tourism [5]. Cambodia is also a major hotspot of endemic and emerging infectious disease [6]. One particular, but not unique, issue faced in LDCs and is also made available for use under a CC0 license.…”

Surveillance for Emerging Diseases with Multiplexed Point-of-Care Diagnostics

“…An extensive consideration of political and economic realities is essential to the success of biosurveillance systems and was identified as a part of the Rockefeller Foundation initiative promoting regional surveillance networks. 8,39 Descriptions, lessons learned, and suggestions of paths forward were provided by the Mekong Basin Disease Surveillance Network, 40 the East African Integrated Disease Surveillance Network, 41 the South-Eastern European Health Network, 42 the Middle East Consortium on Infectious Disease Surveillance, 43 the Asian Partnership on Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, 44 the Southern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance, 45 and the REASAOLAB project involving clinical laboratories in West Africa. 46 One consistent issue with all of these efforts is how to sustain the long-term activity and continuity in training and interactions that is so crucial to the productivity and trust necessary for crisis response.…”

Kajian literatur: Dampak perubahan iklim terhadap timbulnya penyakit tular nyamuk terutama Limfatik Filariasis

“…Kondisi ini akan secara langsung mempengaruhi kehidupan nyamuk dan secara tidak langsung juga terhadap kasus terjadinya mosquito borne diseases. 11,19…”

“…Beberapa penyakit infeksius terutama yang ditularkan oleh vektor dapat dipengaruhi oleh perubahan iklim. 11,12 Perubahan iklim termasuk temperatur, presipitasi, angin, dan sinar matahari. 27,28 Kemampuan nyamuk untuk bertahan hidup tergantung dari temperatur dan kelembapan lingkungan yang mempengaruhi fekunditas atau kemampuan bereproduksi dan fertilitas nyamuk.…”

“…30,31 Adanya perubahan iklim global diprediksikan memicu terjadinya outbreak penyakit infeksius karena perubahan iklim dapat menyebabkan perluasan area patogen penyakit, induk semang dan vektor penyakit. 2,11 Salah satu jenis penyakit infeksius yang bersifat zoonosis dapat ditularkan oleh vektor, yaitu Limfatik filariasis atau penyakit Kaki Gajah. Limfatik filariasis merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia.…”