Emerging agents of phaeohyphomycosis: pathogenic species of Bipolaris and Exserohilum

McGinnis, Michael R.; Rinaldi, Michael G.; Winn, Richard E.

doi:10.1128/jcm.24.2.250-259.1986

Cited by 175 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This contaminant genus Exserohilum consists of phaeoid or dematiaceous filamentous fungi characterized by long, multidistoseptate conidia with protruding hilum and the formation of dark colonies (McGinnis et al 1986). Approximately 35 species belong to the genus Exserohilum.…”

Section: Exserohilum Rostratum Outbreak In 2012mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of melanized (black) fungal contamination in pharmaceutical products-incidence, drug recall and control measures

2016

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Summary The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of contamination of pharmaceutical products by melanized fungi and to consider control measures in relation to bioburden and cleanrooms. This study reviews and analyses pharmaceutical product recalls and offers incidence rates of fungal detection from a typical cleanrooms. The recalls include some serious cases which resulted in the loss of life. Of different types of fungal contamination incidences some of the most damaging have been due to melanized fungi (‘black mould’), such as Exserohilum rostratum. The focus of the article is with melanized fungi. The study concludes that, from the review of recent pharmaceutical product recalls, fungal contamination is either increasingly common within cleanroom environments or the accuracy of sampling and the level of reporting has risen. The prevalence of melanized fungi in pharmaceutical facilities rests on specific virulence factors particular to these types of fungi, which are outlined. The article identifies a gap in the way that such fungi are screened for using available cultural methods. The article provides some control strategies, including assessing the suitability of disinfectants and biocides, for reducing the risk of melanized fungal incidences within the pharmaceutical facility. Understanding the fungal risk to pharmaceutical products remains a poorly understood and often overlooked aspect of pharmaceutical microbiology. This article helps to identify this risk and offer some guidance to those involved with pharmaceutical products manufacture in relation to bio‐contamination control strategies.

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Section: Exserohilum Rostratum Outbreak In 2012mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of melanized (black) fungal contamination in pharmaceutical products-incidence, drug recall and control measures

2016

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“…1). The fungus was identified as Exserohilum rostratum according to the description of McGinnis et al [8]. Bacterial culture yielded no bacteria.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 3 , 71. Among the various species of Exserohilum, only E. rostratum has been claimed as a causative agent of corneal ulcer [8]. We report here a case of corneal ulcer with hypopyon caused by E. rostratum which represents the first isolate from a human infection in India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Phaeohyphomycosis of the eye caused by Exserohilum rostratum in India

Anandi

George

Thomas

et al. 1991

Mycoses

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Summary. A 40‐year‐old woman developed a corneal ulcer with hypopyon following a traumatic episode. In a KOH mount dematiaceous, septate, branched hyphae were demonstrated, and heavy growth of Exserohilum rostratum was obtained in culture. No bacterial pathogens were isolated. The patient was treated with natamycin and subsequently with ketoconazole. In spite of antimycotic therapy a descemetocele of the eye remained. This observation represents the first documented case of an Exserohilum infection in India. Zusammenfassung. Eine 40‐jährige Frau entwickelte nach Trauma ein Hornhautulkus mit Hypopyon. Die Untersuchung von Hornhautab‐schabsel ergab mikroskopisch im KOH‐Präparat das Vorhandensein von verzweigten, septierten, pigmentierten Hyphen; in Kultur konnte Exserohilum rostratum gezüchtet werden. Bakterielle Erreger waren nicht nachweisbar. Die Patientin wurde zunächst mit Natamycin, später mit Ketoconazol behandelt. Trotz dieser antimykotischen Therapie verblieb eine Descemetozele des Auges. Dies ist der erste dokumentierte Fall einer Exsero‐hilum‐Infektion in Indien.

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“…Phaeohyphomycoses is an important, emerging and interestingly prevalent group of fungal infections. [14][15][16][17][18] Aureobasidium pullulans described under phaeohyphomycoses is a dematiaceous fungus and its pathogenicity was questioned towards corneal disease. 19 So far only four cases have been reported in causing corneal infection in world literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%