Emended Descriptions of the Genus Alcaligenes and of Alcaligenes faecalis and Proposal That the Generic Name Achromobacter be Rejected: Status of the Named Species of Alcaligenes and Achromobacter: Request for an Opinion

Hendrie, Margaret S.; Holding, A. J.; Shewan, J. M.

doi:10.1099/00207713-24-4-534

Cited by 60 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Since strains in cluster 2 seemed to be related to Alcaligenes species, we examined the quinone system and cellular fatty acid composition of Alcaligenes faecalis KS 0303 and Alcaligenes paradoxus KS 0304. Furthermore, we included Achromobacter xylosoxidans KS 0305 because this species is closely related to Alcaligenes species (77,78). The ubiquinone system (Q-8) in these three strains was confirmed, and this quinone system was the same as those in the strains in cluster 2.…”

Section: Grouping Of Strains Of Species In the Flavobacteruim-cytophamentioning

confidence: 85%

Chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characterization of the strains of species in the Flavobacterium-cytophaga complex.

Oyaizu

Komagata

1981

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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Quinone systems, DNA base composition, cellular fatty acid composition, and phenotypic characteristics of 41 strains of named Flavobacterium species, 10 strains of named Cytophaga species, and 16 isolates belonging to the Flavobacterium-Cytophaga complex were investigated. These strains were divided into two major groups on the basis of the quinone systems and DNA base composition: The ubiquinone system (Q-8 or Q-10) and high values in DNA base composition (64.1 to 69.2%) were found in one group. The strains in this group were divided into three clusters based on the cellular fatty acid composition and phenotypic characteristics. In this respect they were related to Pseudomonas or Alcaligenes species. The other group was characterized by the presence of the menaquinone system (MK-6 or MK-7), low values in DNA base composition (30.6 to 44.8 %), and the presence of iso-and anteiso-acids in the cellular fatty acids. The strains of this group were separated into four clusters based on cellular fatty acid composition. All the named strains of Cytophaga species were included in this group. Cytophaga species were recognized by chemotaxonomic characteristics, and the accommodation of Flavobacterium aquatile strain Taylor F36 (=ATCC 11947=NCIB 8694), the type strain of the type species of the genus Flavobacterium, was discussed.Aerobic, yellow pigment-producing rods are found in various environments, and the genus Flavobacterium was established for such bacteria in 1923 by BERGEY et al. (1). When they proposed it, gram positive species, gram negative polarly flagellated species, and several fermentative species were included in the generic concept. Since pigmentation has little significant meaning in bacterial taxonomy, some of these Flavobacterium species are recognized as coryneforms, pseudomonads, and coliforms in the successive editions of Bergey's Manual of Detreminative Bacteriology. Gram negative polarly flagellated species were eliminated in

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Section: Grouping Of Strains Of Species In the Flavobacteruim-cytophamentioning

confidence: 85%

Chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characterization of the strains of species in the Flavobacterium-cytophaga complex.

Oyaizu

Komagata

1981

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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“…Among others, A. faecalis seemed very similar, though the GC content (58.9 %) reported by HOLDING and SHEWAN (51) was smaller than 64.6 % in the strain 6-3. As to the utilization of many carbon compounds and the urease reaction of A, faecalis, there is no detailed information, except for those by HENDRIE, HOLDING, and SHEWAN (52). COUN (5S) and BOARD (59) had stated that this microorganism could not utilize urea, while RHODES (60) identified an aniline-utilizing strain of A. faecalis which hydrolyzed urea and starch, and had a GC content of 67.3 %.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of quinolinic acid-utilizing bacteria.

Kouno

Kumamoto

Iwaki

et al. 1979

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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“…There has been much confusion in the classification of these bacteria. Ill-definition of the genus and the species, inadequateness of the methods employed and lacking of type strain have been referred to (1)(2)(3)(4). It is often difficult to identify isolates according to the present scheme.…”

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confidence: 99%

Carbon substrate assimilation profiles and other taxonomic features of Alcaligenes faecalis, Alcaligenes ruhlandii and Achromobacter xylosoxidans.

Yamasato

Akagawa

Oishi

et al. 1982

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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Twenty-eight strains of Alcaligenes faecalis, one strain of Alcaligenes ruhlandii, and 10 strains of Achromobacter xylosoxidans were characterized by assimilation of 103 carbon compounds, investigation of more than 70 conventional phenotypic characteristics and estimation of DNA base composition. Alcaligenes faecalis was divided into two homogeneous clusters with DNA base compositions of 55.6-58.9 mol % and 63.8-68.6 mol %, respectively, characterized by assimilation of 35 substrates and 13 other phenotypic features. Alcaligenes faecalis should be confined to the low GC cluster. The high GC cluster corresponded to "Alcaligenes denitr(Ji cans ," and could not be distinguished from Alcaligenes ruhlandii and Achromobacter xylosoxidans except for the inability of the strains in the high GC cluster to assimilate carbohydrates . The strains in the low GC cluster were differentiated from other strains by the following attributes: fruity odor formation, greening of blood agar, presence of deaminases for phenylalanine and tryptophan , decomposition of xanthine, formation of dark-brown pigment from tryptophan and histidine, and assimilation of malonate, glycine and phenol , in contrast to the ability of the strains in the high GC cluster to reduce nitrate to nitrite and to assimilate mucate, adipate, pimelate, suberate , azelate, sebacate, meso-tartrate, itaconate, mesaconate, j9-alanine, L-serine , DLcitrulline, and pantothenate. The low GC strains denitrified nitrite , whereas denitrification of nitrate and nitrite by the high GC strains fluctuated.

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Emended Descriptions of the Genus Alcaligenes and of Alcaligenes faecalis and Proposal That the Generic Name Achromobacter be Rejected: Status of the Named Species of Alcaligenes and Achromobacter: Request for an Opinion

Cited by 60 publications

References 1 publication

Chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characterization of the strains of species in the Flavobacterium-cytophaga complex.

Chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characterization of the strains of species in the Flavobacterium-cytophaga complex.

Identification of quinolinic acid-utilizing bacteria.

Carbon substrate assimilation profiles and other taxonomic features of Alcaligenes faecalis, Alcaligenes ruhlandii and Achromobacter xylosoxidans.

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