Carbon substrate assimilation profiles and other taxonomic features of Alcaligenes faecalis, Alcaligenes ruhlandii and Achromobacter xylosoxidans.

Abstract

Twenty-eight strains of Alcaligenes faecalis, one strain of Alcaligenes ruhlandii, and 10 strains of Achromobacter xylosoxidans were characterized by assimilation of 103 carbon compounds, investigation of more than 70 conventional phenotypic characteristics and estimation of DNA base composition. Alcaligenes faecalis was divided into two homogeneous clusters with DNA base compositions of 55.6-58.9 mol % and 63.8-68.6 mol %, respectively, characterized by assimilation of 35 substrates and 13 other phenotypic features. Alcaligenes faecalis should be confined to the low GC cluster. The high GC cluster corresponded to "Alcaligenes denitr(Ji cans ," and could not be distinguished from Alcaligenes ruhlandii and Achromobacter xylosoxidans except for the inability of the strains in the high GC cluster to assimilate carbohydrates . The strains in the low GC cluster were differentiated from other strains by the following attributes: fruity odor formation, greening of blood agar, presence of deaminases for phenylalanine and tryptophan , decomposition of xanthine, formation of dark-brown pigment from tryptophan and histidine, and assimilation of malonate, glycine and phenol , in contrast to the ability of the strains in the high GC cluster to reduce nitrate to nitrite and to assimilate mucate, adipate, pimelate, suberate , azelate, sebacate, meso-tartrate, itaconate, mesaconate, j9-alanine, L-serine , DLcitrulline, and pantothenate. The low GC strains denitrified nitrite , whereas denitrification of nitrate and nitrite by the high GC strains fluctuated.

Ochrobactrum anthropi gen. nov., sp. nov. from Human Clinical Specimens and Previously Known as Group Vd

“…The numerical phenotypic analysis confirmed previous observations that the following pairs of species are synonyms: Agrobacterium rudiobacter and Agrobacterium tumejaciens (14), Alcaligenes xylosoxidans and Alcaligenes ruhlandii (13,19,28), and Alcaligenes faecalis and "Alcaligenes odorans" (13). Our analysis also confirmed the distinction as separate taxa of Agrobacterium rhizogenes from Agrobacteriurn tumefaciens (14) and of Alcaligrnes denitri-$cans and Afcaligenes piechaudii from each other and from Alcaligenes faecalis (13,19).…”

Phylogenetic analysis of psychrophilic bacteria isolated from the Japan Trench, including a description of the deep-sea species Psychrobacter pacificensis sp. nov.

“…Phenotypic tests for key taxonomic items such as Gram reaction, oxidase, catalase, glucose fermentation and acidification of carbohydrates were examined based on a standard manual (Smibert & Krieg, 1994). Nitrate reduction and urease activity were determined by the method of Yamasato et al (1982). Phenylalanine and tryptophan deaminase were determined according to Bøvre & Henriksen (1976).…”

Alcaligenes

“…d Data from Yabuuchi et al (1974); Gilardi (1978a); Pichinoty et al (1978); Rarick et al (1978); Rubin et al (1980); Kiredjian et al (1981); Yamasato et al (1982); Kersters and De Ley (1984b); Busse and Auling (1988); Oyaizu-Masuchi and Komagata (1988); Vandamme et al (1995c); Hamana and Takeuchi (1998). e Data from Yamasato et al (1982); Busse and Auling (1988); Yabuuchi et al (1998a); Hamana and Takeuchi (1998). f Data from Kiredjian et al (1986); Vandamme et al (1995c); Hamana and Takeuchi (1998).…”

“…e The mechanism of compound use not specified (Foss et al, 1998a). f D-(−)-Tartrate, DL-malic acid, trans-aconitate, and DL-citrulline were subjected to assimilation tests (Yamasato et al, 1982). g The D-isomer of the respective carbon source was not used (Foss et al, 1998a).…”

“…Data fromGilardi (1978a);Pichinoty et al (1978);Rarick et al (1978);Rubin et al (1980);Kiredjian et al (1981);Yamasato et al (1982);Kersters and De Ley (1984b);Busse and Auling (1988);Lipski et al (1992);Vandamme et al (1995c);Hamana and Takeuchi (1998). b Data from…”