Embryo and Baby Chick Mortality and Morbidity Induced by a Strain of Escherichia Coli

Reid, W. M.; Maag, T. A.; Boyd, Frank M.; Kleckner, Albert L.; Schmittle, S. C.

doi:10.3382/ps.0401497

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…That this is not a necessary portal of entry of infection is shown by the fact that we were able to cause peritoneal infection in 4-week-old germfree chickens (whose navel scars had completely healed) by oral administration of E. coli. Reid, Maag, Boyd, Kleckner and Schmittle (1961) also concluded that infection of the yolk via the navel was not a frequent occurrence.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

The origin of bacteria recovered from the peritoneum and yolk sac of healthy chickens

Fuller

Jayne‐Williams

1968

British Poultry Science

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Subclinical peritoneal and yolk sac infections were demonstrated in about 38 and 23 per cent, respectively, of 121 conventional chicks examined during the first 5 days of life; the incidence varied markedly from hatch to hatch. Organisms were demonstrated in the peritoneum and yolk sac of a proportion of gnotobiotic chicks following per os administration of pure cultures of bacteria isolated either from the peritoneum or yolk sac, or from the intestinal tract of conventional chickens. It is concluded that this subclinical infection arises as a result of the translocation across the gut wall of bacteria present in the lumen of the intestine.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

The origin of bacteria recovered from the peritoneum and yolk sac of healthy chickens

Fuller

Jayne‐Williams

1968

British Poultry Science

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“…A single infected egg can contaminate large batches of clean eggs when the egg is accidentally broken, or as hatching occurs (29). Infection by E. coli can also occur in a similar manner (21).…”

Section: Source Of Contamination and Preventive Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of disinfectants in poultry hatcheries

Samberg¹,

Meroz²

1995

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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Veterinary control and routine sanitary procedures in commercial poultry hatcheries should include the following:-choice of a suitable geographical location to ensure an isolated site;-proper hatchery design with separation of major operations;-one-way flow of work within the hatchery;-adequate ventilation of each room;-routine cleaning and disinfection;-formaldehyde fumigation or alternative method for disinfection of eggs, equipment and incubators;-a routine programme for monitoring microbial contamination levels within the hatchery.

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“…A . Egg infection One hundred and twenty quail eggs incubated for 14 days were dipped in streptomycin-resistant Salmonella gallinarum broth culture as described by REID et al (1961). Ninety eggs, also incubated for 14 days, were similarly dipped in sterilized distilled water for control purposes.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Epidemiological Aspects of Salmonella gallinarum Infection in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)¹

Awaad

Hafez

El‐Dimerdash

et al. 1981

Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B

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Summary Japanese quail were successfully infected with a strain of streptomycin‐resistant Salmonella gallinarum, either orally or through egg‐dipping. Depression, drooping of wings, huddling together, transient diarrhoea, lateral deviation of head and neck, hyperexcitability, paresis, and moving backward were the clinical signs observed, together with lesions of subcutaneous haemorrhages, congestion, and haemorrhages in parenchymatous organs. Misshapen, discoloured pedunculated cystic egg follicles were recorded in hens surviving the infection. The organism was shed with the faeces from 80% and 40% of the orally infected quail chicks examined two and four hours, respectively, after infection but no organisms could be detected in 1,025 faecal swabs collected later. Studying the cycle of infection of Salmonella gallinarum in Japanese quail, the agent was isolated at a rate of 2.3% and 0.8% from the yolk sacs of eggs of orally infected and egg‐infected adult birds, respectively. This result confirms that Salmonella gallinarum infection is transmitted vertically in Japanese quail in a similar way to that in chickens. Contrary to the situation in chickens, serodiagnosis with the commonly used stained antigen, rapid whole blood agglutination and microagglutination tests was unable to detect Salmonella gallinarum carriers in Coturnix coturnix Japonica. Using Coturnix quail as laboratory animals, especially under SPF‐conditions, and also for breeding purposes, it should be kept in mind that negative serodiagnosis of Salmonella gallinarum infection with the tests mentioned is insufficient proof that the flock is free of this agent. Zusammenfassung Einige epidemiologische Aspekte im Hinblick auf die S. gallinarum‐Infektion der japanischen Wachtel Japanische Wachteln wurden entweder oral oder als Bruteier im Tauchverfahren mit einem Stamm Streptomycin‐resistenter Salmonella gallinarum infiziert. Klinische Anzeichen der Infektion waren Depression, vorübergehende Diarrhoe, hängende Flügel, Torticollis, Übererregbarkeit, Paresen und Rückwärtsbewegung. Des weiteren waren subkutane Hämorrhagien sowie Blutfülle und Hämorrhagien in den inneren Organen nachweisbar. In Wachteln, die die Infektion überlebten, wurden mißgestaltete, verfärbte und gestielte Eifollikel beobachtet. Zwei bzw. vier Stunden p. i. wurde der Salmonella gallinarum‐Stamm im Kot von 80% bzw. 40% der oral infizierten Wachteln nachgewiesen. Zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt gelang der Nachweis des Erregers in Faeces nicht mehr. In 2,3% bzw. 0,8% der untersuchten Fälle wurde das Bakterium aus den Dottersäcken von Eiern oral bzw. Ei‐infizierter Wachteln isoliert. Diese Ergebnisse bestätigen, daß Salmonella gallinarum — wie bei Hühnern — bei Wachteln vertikal über das Ei übertragen wird. Im Gegensatz zu den Verhältnissen beim Huhn war es bei den infizierten Wachteln nicht möglich, Salmonella gallinarum‐Träger mit den üblichen serologischen Testverfahren wie Schnellblutagglutination und Mikroagglutinationstest zu ermitteln. Bei Verwendung von japanischen Wachteln für die Zuc...

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Embryo and Baby Chick Mortality and Morbidity Induced by a Strain of Escherichia Coli

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

The origin of bacteria recovered from the peritoneum and yolk sac of healthy chickens

The origin of bacteria recovered from the peritoneum and yolk sac of healthy chickens

Application of disinfectants in poultry hatcheries

Some Epidemiological Aspects of Salmonella gallinarum Infection in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)¹

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Embryo and Baby Chick Mortality and Morbidity Induced by a Strain of Escherichia Coli

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

The origin of bacteria recovered from the peritoneum and yolk sac of healthy chickens

The origin of bacteria recovered from the peritoneum and yolk sac of healthy chickens

Application of disinfectants in poultry hatcheries

Some Epidemiological Aspects of Salmonella gallinarum Infection in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)1

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Some Epidemiological Aspects of Salmonella gallinarum Infection in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)¹