The origin of bacteria recovered from the peritoneum and yolk sac of healthy chickens

Abstract

Subclinical peritoneal and yolk sac infections were demonstrated in about 38 and 23 per cent, respectively, of 121 conventional chicks examined during the first 5 days of life; the incidence varied markedly from hatch to hatch. Organisms were demonstrated in the peritoneum and yolk sac of a proportion of gnotobiotic chicks following per os administration of pure cultures of bacteria isolated either from the peritoneum or yolk sac, or from the intestinal tract of conventional chickens. It is concluded that this subclinical infection arises as a result of the translocation across the gut wall of bacteria present in the lumen of the intestine.

Bacteria Associated with the Intestinal Wall of the Fowl (Gallus domesticus)

“…The transport of bacteria from the lumen to the liver and other tissues is known to occur in the chicken (Fuller & Jayne-Williams, 1968). The transport of bacteria from the lumen to the liver and other tissues is known to occur in the chicken (Fuller & Jayne-Williams, 1968).…”

“…The flora attached to the caecum wall differs markedly from that of the mouse in that the fusiform bacteria, which form the main epithelial flora of the large intestine of the mouse, are absent. The transport of bacteria from the lumen to the liver and other tissues is known to occur in the chicken (Fuller & Jayne-Williams, 1968. At f i s t sight the adhesion of bacteria to the epithelium might appear to be a preliminary stage of this translocation.…”

Non‐specific Antimicrobial Defences of the Avian Egg, Embryo and Neonate

“…Einheber, 1966). The possibility that migration of bacteria from the gut is necessary for the systemic response is worth considering since it has already been shown that this is a common occurrence in young chicks (Fuller & Jayne-Williams, 1968) and it has been suggested that it might continue undetected throughout life (Fuller & Jayne-Williams, 1970~). Recently the bursa of Fabricius has been shown to harbour a large population of bacteria (Fuller, 1973 6) which differs at least quantitatively from that found in the gut.…”

Salmonella enteritidis colonization of the reproductive tract and forming and freshly laid eggs of chickens

“…Transovarial transmission has been proposed for S. enteritidis (22,23), although there continues to be controversy over the resident site of the pathogen being in the yolk, in the follicular membrane surrounding the yolk, or associated with the albumen (6,12,23,24). Translocation of organisms from the peritoneum to the yolk sac or to the oviduct via macrophages is a possibility suggested by previous studies (5,9,22,24,28,29). Egg contamination by penetration of the shell by organisms present in chicken feces deposited on the outside of the egg as it passes through the cloaca is also feasible (24).…”