Elimination of blinding trachoma in China: why is further study necessary?

Wang, Ningli

doi:10.1007/s11427-016-5064-z

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Thus, a complete trachoma screening and sampling was performed in order to understand the prevalence and etiology of trachoma in these schools (Li et al, 2016; Wang M. et al, 2016). The Wang group identified 45 cases of follicular conjunctivitis, 26 of them were infected with ompA genovar B C. trachomatis , and identified other potential follicle-causing bacteria in both C. trachomatis -positive and—negative cases (Li et al, 2016; Wang, 2016; Wang M. et al, 2016; Wang N. et al, 2016). Their identification of non-chlamydial bacteria in clinically identified cases of follicular trachoma is congruent with other studies (Burton et al, 2011; Burr et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, active trachoma still remains in many focal areas of China including Gansu, Hunan, Hubei, Liaoning, Ningxia, Hebei, Inner Mongolia (Zhou et al, 2007; Wang, 2012; Dong and Liu, 2013; Yu et al, 2014; Zhao, 2015), and further research on trachoma in mainland China is urgently needed in order to understand the evolution and epidemiology of trachoma and ocular C. trachomatis in China (Wang, 2016). Since the first isolation and culture of C. trachomatis using chicken embryonic eggs by Tang et al (1956), 46 C. trachomatis strains were isolated from patients of Beijing, Guangdong and Jinan before 1970 (Zhang, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey, Culture, and Genome Analysis of Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis in Tibetan Boarding Primary Schools in Qinghai Province, China

Feng

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Trachoma, the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide, is an ancient human disease. Its existence in China can be traced back to as early as the twenty-seventh century BC. In modern China, the overall prevalence of trachoma has dramatically reduced, but trachoma is still endemic in many areas of the country. Here, we report that 26 (8%) of 322 students from two rural boarding schools of Qinghai province, west China, were identified as having ocular C. trachomatis infection; and 15 ocular C. trachomatis strains were isolated from these trachoma patients. Chlamydiae in 37 clinical samples were genotyped as type B based on ompA gene analyses. Three ompA variants with one or two in-between SNP differences in the second or fourth variable domain were found. C. trachomatis strains QH111L and QH111R were from the same patient's left and right conjunctival swabs, respectively, but their ompA genes have a non-synonymous base difference in the second variable domain. Moreover, this SNP only exists in this single sample, suggesting QH111L is a newly emerged ompA variant. Interestingly, chromosomal phylogeny analysis found QH111L clusters between a branch of two type B strains and a branch of both A and C strains, but is significantly divergent from both branches. Comparative chromosome analysis found that compared to sequences of reference B/TZ1A828/OT strain, 12 of 22 QH111L's chromosomal genes exhibiting more than nine SNPs have the best homology with reciprocal genes of UGT strains while 9 of 22 genes are closest to those of type C strains. Consistent with findings of UGT-type genetic features in the chromosome, the QH111L plasmid appears to be intermediate between UGT and classical ocular plasmids due to the existence of UGT-type SNPs in the QH111L plasmid. Moreover, the QH111L strain has a unique evolutionarily older cytotoxin region compared to cytotoxin regions of other C. trachomatis strains. The genome analyses suggest that the QH111L strain is derived from recombinations between UGT and classical ocular ancestors. This is the first study of culture and characterization of ocular C. trachomatis in Qinghai Tibetan areas.

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