Elicitation of silver nanoparticles enhanced the secondary metabolites and pharmacological activities in cell suspension cultures of bitter gourd

Abstract

This study describes the influence of bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on phytochemicals and their pharmacological activities in the cell suspension cultures (CSC) of bitter gourd. To standardize the effect of sucrose, plant growth regulators, medium, AgNPs and growth kinetics for the biomass and bioactive compounds accumulation in CSC of bitter gourd. The medium comprising MS salts, sucrose (30 g/L) with 2,4-D (1.0 mg/L) and TDZ (0.1 mg/L) at 28 days of CSC was appropriate for biomass and bioactive compound accumulation. The contents of silver, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide were highly elevated in AgNPs (10 mg/L)-elicited CSC when compared with non-elicited CSC. AgNPs (5 mg/L) elicited CSC extracts had significantly enhanced the production of total phenolic (3.5 ± 0.2 mg/g), and flavonoid (2.5 ± 0.06 mg/g) contents than in the control CSC extracts (2.5 ± 0.1 and 1.6 ± 0.05 mg/g). AgNPs (5 mg/L) elicited CSC showed a higher amount of flavonols (1822.37 µg/g), hydroxybenzoic (1713.40 µg/g) and hydroxycinnamic (1080.10 µg/g) acids than the control CSC (1199, 1394.42 and 944.52 µg/g, respectively). Because of these metabolic changes, the pharmacological activities (antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer) were high in the AgNPs (5 mg/L)-elicited CSC extracts in bitter gourd. The study suggested the effectiveness of elicitation process in enhancing the accumulation of phenolic compounds and pharmacological activities. AgNPs-elicited CSC offered an effective and favorable in vitro method to improve the production of bioactive compounds for potential uses in pharmaceutical industries.

Impact of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Enhancement of Bioactive Compounds Using Cell Suspension Cultures of Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br

“…The total antioxidant potential of extracts was assessed using the phosphomolybdenum method [25]. Each CSC extract (100 µL, 1 mg/mL) was mixed with 1 mL of phosphomolybdenum reagent (4 mM ammonium molybdate, 0.6 M sulfuric acid, and 28 mM sodium phosphate) and incubated at 95 • C for 90 min in a thermal block.…”

“…Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by a spectrophotometric method using Folin−Ciocalteu (FC) reagent [25]. Briefly, 200 µL (1 mg/mL) of a CSC sample was mixed with 200 µL FC reagent.…”

“…The radical scavenging activity of CuO NP treated and non-treated CSC extracts were assessed using an established 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay [25,32]. CSC extracts (100 µL) were added to 1.4 mL DPPH solution and incubated in the dark at room temperature for 45 min.…”

“…The reducing potential of G. sylvestre cell extracts was determined as previously described [25,33]. Each CSC extract (100 µL) was mixed with 2.5 mL sodium phosphate buffer (200 mM), followed by 2.5 mL potassium ferricyanide (1%) and incubation at 50 • C for 20 min.…”

“…CuO NP treated and non-treated CSC extracts were carried out the antidiabetic activity. Alpha-amylase inhibition was determined using the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) method [25,34]. The test mixture contained 500 µL of 0.02 M Na 3 PO 4 buffer containing α-amylase solution (1 U/mL) and each CSC extract at 20 to 100 µg/mL mixed with 100 mL of starch (1%).…”