Eleven mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation

Abstract

Cooperation is one of the basic elements of social life. It is essential for emergent social phenomena, such as the formation of families, groups, and societies. However, evolutionary forces counter cooperation. The trait of supporting others is dominated by selfish behavior. In the last few decades scientists, in particular biologists, achieved extraordinary progress regarding the question of how cooperation is possible despite of evolutionary forces. This produced an enormous amount of literature. This paper identifies and reviews the known solutions explaining cooperation under evolutionary forces. Using bibliometric methods in combination with extant review articles and traditional reviewing of original literature, it is possible to isolate 11 mechanisms of cooperation under the conditions of evolution. Developing a categorization of the mechanisms according to shared characteristics establishes a fundamental framework for institutional and mechanism design activities. Implications for future research paths are identified, in particular for the mechanism of indirect reciprocity. *

Fixation Probabilities for Any Configuration of Two Strategies on Regular Graphs

“…Mechanisms favoring the emergence of cooperation in social dilemmas have become central focuses of evolutionary game theory in recent years123. The dilemma of cooperation, which is characterized by conflicts of interest between individuals and groups, poses a significant challenge to models of evolution since many of these models predict that cooperation cannot persist in the presence of exploitation by defectors45.…”

Conditioning factors of consolidation phase in the cooperation networks: a case study of Brazilian Wine Industry

“…So, this article suggests and specifies a set of conditioning factors that can contribute to achieve the evolutionary trajectory of networks in the consolidation phase. The conditioning factors are been observed in studies discussed in this theoretical references included: Poletto and colleagues (2011), Glaister and Bluckey (1996), Saeed andcolleagues (2011), Stacey (2014), Bowen and colleagues (2014), Basuony and colleagues (2014), Fransoo and colleagues (2014), Zaggl (2014), and others. The Chart 1 resumed the conditioning factors suggest here:…”

“…In the last years, a lot of theoretical contributions can be observed in the literature, such Stacey (2014), Bowen and colleagues (2014), Basuony and colleagues (2014), Fransoo and colleagues (2014), Zaggl (2014), among others. These studies proposed theoretical evolutional network models considering external and internal influences on the context of networks, especially about the role and importance of public agencies for the success of cooperation between private organizations.…”

Darwinismo E Humanidades

“…Os demais determinantes da cooperação são as três formas em que ocorre a seleção natural, pois, além da já mencionada nepotista (de parentesco), ela não opera apenas entre indivíduos, mas também entre grupos (multinível) e nas redes (espacial). Todavia, as cinco "regras" de Martin Nowak parecem se desdobrar em onze "mecanismos" para a evolução da cooperação, segundo o recente mapeamento feito por Zaggl (2014).…”