Elevation of immunoglobulin levels is associated with treatment failure in HIV-infected children in Vietnam

Dang, Linh Vu Phuong; Pham, Viet Hung; Nguyen, Duc Minh; Dinh, Thanh Thi; Nguyen, Tien V.; Le, Thanh Hai; Nguyen, Van Lam; Vu, Thi Phuong

doi:10.2147/hiv.s181388

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A similar observation was made in this study in which supplementation of HAART with M. Oleifera and A. annua leaf powder reduced the HIV viremia leading to a reduction in p24-specific IgG antibody concentration, leading to immunological recovery, hence improving the quality of life among PLWH. As noted by Dang et al (2018), an elevated p24specific IgG antibody concentration coupled with elevated viral load in the control group was observed, indicating poor immune response and therefore treatment failure compared to the intervention group (Dang et al, 2018). In the intervention group, the authors did not only observed a reduced concentration of p24-specific IgG antibodies, but these antibodies also exhibited a higher strength of binding to p24, the most abundant HIV protein essential for the assembly of the capsid that encases HIV genetic material (Anywar et al, 2020), compared to those in the control group (Figure 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Immunomodulatory effect of Artemisia annua and Moringa oleifera on viral load among PLWH on antiretroviral therapy in Uganda

Silvano,

Patrick,

Esther

et al. 2023

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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Contemporary highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is effective and tolerable for a long time but cannot eradicate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by either elimination of viral reservoirsor enhancement of HIV-specific immune responses. HIV infects the B cell germinal centers in follicles of lymphoid tissue and induces dysfunction, which may persist during HAART, negatively affecting IgG subclass content and the avidity of IgG antibodies. This study investigated the effect of Artemisia annua and Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation on p24-specific IgG antibody responses, CD4 count, and viral load among people living with HIV (PLWH) on HAART at an HIV clinic in Uganda. Immunomodulatory effects of A. annua and M. oleifera leaf powder supplementation on viral load, CD4 count, and p24-specific IgG and IgM antibodies among 37 PLWH on antiretroviral therapy were determined by indirect ELISA while chaotrope-based assays were used to determine IgG avidity against the p24 protein. Viral load was determined using the RNA PCR technique. The findings show a statistically significant decrease in the p24-specific IgG antibodies (p = 0.029) while the chaotropicbased assays indicated that HAART supplementation with M. oleifera and A. annua leaf powder was associated with higher IgG antibody avidity against p24 protein (p = 0.026) than the control group. These findings were supported by a statistically significant increase in CD4 count (p<0.001) and viral load suppression (p = 0.035) in the intervention group compared to the control. No statistically significant difference was found in p24-specific IgM antibody titers between the intervention and control groups. Supplementation with a combination of M. oleifera and A. annua leaf powder in patients on highly active HAART diminishes virus-specific B cell responses, suppresses viral replication, and increases CD4 count.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Immunomodulatory effect of Artemisia annua and Moringa oleifera on viral load among PLWH on antiretroviral therapy in Uganda

Silvano,

Patrick,

Esther

et al. 2023

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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“…При этом экспрессия HLA-Bw6 обусловливала низкую персистенцию ВИЧ-1, что чаще регистрировалось у гетерозигот HLA-Bw4/6. Это указывает, что NK-клетки причастны к регуляции персистенции ВИЧ-1 у лиц, получаю щих АРТ [64], в то же время нарастание уровней IgА, IgМ и IgG у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов может быть связано с неэффективностью проводимой АРТ [65].…”

Section: вич-инфекцияunclassified

Interferon gamma as a trigger of chronic viral infections and inflammatory dermatoses

Evdokimov,

Svechnikova,

Ponezheva

2024

Medicinskij sovet

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Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is the only representative of the type II interferon family regulating Th1 and Th2 immune responses. The discovery of IFN-γ is associated with the name of E. Frederick Wheelock. The expression of the IFNG gene provides a pleiotropic effect for IFN-γ, the main immune directions of this cytokine are antiviral, antibacterial and antiprotozoal. Unfortunately, in publications devoted to the relationship between the severity of inflammatory dermatoses (psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis) and levels of interferon gamma production, there is no consensus on the direct unity of these events. Although in most cases with acute viral diseases, an increase in interferon production is noted at the initial stages, but in some acute respiratory viral infections, its increase is not recorded (COVID-19, etc.), in cases of chronic viral diseases caused by retroviral infections – human immunodeficiency virus, human type 1 T-lymphotropic virus and endogenous human retroviruses as a result of prolonged exposure to IFN-γ on tissues, their damage may be noted, as well as a change in the functional state of CD4+ T cells. In cases of diseases caused by the herpes simplex virus 2, IFN-γ also has a complex effect on the intercellular relationships of infected and uninfected keratinocytes, as well as on the processes of apoptosis in Langerhans cells migrating to the dermis, which causes a violation of CD4+ and CD8+ involvement in the focus+ T-lymphocytes. In autoimmune diseases, IFN-γ can have a multidirectional effect. In particular, in patients with multiple sclerosis, IFN-γ regulates the processes of neuroinflammation and, depending on the concentration, can either reduce the number of CD11b+ myeloid cells of the central nervous system and reduce the infiltration of inflamed cells and normalize the processes of demyelination, or with an increase in IFN-γ production lead to reverse effects. At the same time, an enhancement of IFN-γ for transcription factors of differentially expressed genes in the case of systemic lupus erythematosus in patients has been proven.

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“…Case closure as a loss to follow-up is not uncommon. Ignoring the serological status of exposed children makes it impossible to start early interventions, contributing to infant morbidity and mortality [1,[26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Follow-Up of Children Exposed to Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: A Historical Cohort Study Form 2000 to 2017, in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Calvo

Knauth

Hentges

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: There are many inequalities in terms of prevention and treatment for pregnant women with HIV and exposed children in low and middle income countries. The Brazilian protocol for prenatal care includes rapid diagnostic testing for HIV, compulsory notification, and monitoring by the epidemiological surveillance of children exposed to HIV until 18 months after delivery. The case is closed after HIV serology results are obtained. Loss to follow-up is defined as a child who was not located at the end of the case, and, therefore, did not have a laboratory diagnosis. Loss to follow-up is a current problem and has been documented in other countries. This study analyzed the incidence of loss to follow-up of children exposed to HIV and the sociodemographic, behavioral and health variables of associated pregnant women. Methods: This historical cohort study included information on pregnant women living with HIV and the outcome of the child’s exposure to HIV. The association between predictors and the child’s outcome as a loss to follow-up was investigated using the Poisson Regression model. Relative Risk calculations were performed. The significance level of 5% was adopted for variables in the adjusted model. Results: Between 2000 and 2017, of 6,836 children exposed to HIV, 1,763 (25.8%) were classified as loss to follow-up. The factors associated were: maternal age of up to 22 years (aRR 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09-1.43), the mother’s self-declared race/color being black or mixed (aRR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03-1.25), up to three years of schooling (aRR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.26-1.67), between four and seven years of schooling (aRR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.28), intravenous drug use (aRR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.12-1.50), and HIV diagnosis during prenatal care or at delivery (aRR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.24-1.52). Conclusion: Variables related to the individual, social and programmatic vulnerability of pregnant women were evidenced.

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Elevation of immunoglobulin levels is associated with treatment failure in HIV-infected children in Vietnam

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Immunomodulatory effect of Artemisia annua and Moringa oleifera on viral load among PLWH on antiretroviral therapy in Uganda

Immunomodulatory effect of Artemisia annua and Moringa oleifera on viral load among PLWH on antiretroviral therapy in Uganda

Interferon gamma as a trigger of chronic viral infections and inflammatory dermatoses

Factors Associated with Follow-Up of Children Exposed to Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: A Historical Cohort Study Form 2000 to 2017, in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

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